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PathoPharmII

Renal and Gastrointestinal Alterations

QuestionAnswer
Fursoemide (Loop Diuretic) used to treat edema from renal diseases and antihypertensive, first choice diuretic for treating hypertension w/preexisting renal disease, works in the loop of Henle to excrete sodium, chloride, potassium and water, contraindication=anuria in CRF
Mannitol(Osmotic Duretic) filtered in glomerulus and not reabsorbed by tubules, pull fluid into vascular space, treats acute renal failure
Mannitol(Osmotic Duretic) , major contraindications=anuria dure to severe renal disease, pulmonary edema, and intraocular bleeding, most common adverse effects=dizziness and GI problems
Mannitol(Osmotic Duretic) Most serious adverse effects=fluid and electrolyte imbalances, Maximizing theraputic effects=WARM the DRUG VIAL before using if CRYSTALS are seen, ADMINISTER using an in-line filter
Fursoemide (Loop Diuretic) Most common adverse effect=potassium loss, Most serious adverse effect hypokalemai, permanent deafness, Minimizing adverse effects=administer IV push slowly
Renal vasodilator Low-Dose Dopamine (inotropin) used for improving kidney blood supply, given by injection through a vein,dose= 2- 10 mcg/kg/min,inhances renal function in early stages of renal dysfunction,
Renal vasodilator Low-Dose Dopamine (inotropin) increases BP, Nausea, vomiting or headache may occur. If these persist or worsen, notify your doctor
ACE inhibitors (Captopril) inhibits angiotensin I to angiotensin II, less angiotension II means less vasoconstriction, decreases serum aldosterone, used for proteinuric renal disease especially diabetics
ACE inhibitors (Captopril) adverse effects=COUGH, skin rash, metallic taste, Drug interactions=NSAIDs
Antianemia drugs (Epogen & Procrit) Stimulate bone marrow to produce RBCs (shot or IV), increases reticulocyte count in 7-10 days, increases Hemoglobin & Hematocrit in 2-6 weeks
Antianemia drugs (Epogen & Procrit) adverse reactions=inrombotic events, polycythemia vera, contraindication=hypersensitivity to drug
Iron supplements (Iron dextran, Slow Fe, Feosol) necessary for RBC production, protienuric disease (DM), Adverse reaction to iron=GI constipation, N&V, Black tarry stools
Iron supplements (Iron dextran, Slow Fe, Feosol) IV form=hypotention, phlebitis, rapid heartbeat, Serious SE= anaphylaxis, seizures, when taking with antacids decreases work of Iron or Citrus
Heavy Metal Antagonist deferoxamine (Desferal) chelates w/ iron, treatment of acute iron intoxication and of chronic iron overload due to transfusion-dependent anemias, also used for aluminum
Antihemorrhagic drugs Desmopression stops bleeding
Phosphate Binders (Aluminum hydroxide/Amphojel, calcium acetate/PhosLo, calcium carbonate/Tums, Maalox, Caltrate) Monitor calcium and phospherous levels (inverse relationship), phosphate binders are given to increase Calcium absorption, requires activation of vitamin D,
Phosphate Binders (Aluminum hydroxide/Amphojel, calcium acetate/PhosLo, PREVENTS Absoption of Digoxin and Antibotics, Give 1-3 hours after meals, and 1-2 hours before or after other meds, calcium salts cause mild GI complants
Calcitrol cardiac arrhythmias, DO NOT give to someone w/calcium stones
Cation Exchange Resins (KayEXalate) treatment of HYPERkalemia, exchanges electrolytes, oral or rentention enamia (30 mins to 10hrs), eleminated in feces, Adverse SE= fluid retention, hypokalemia
Systemic Antacids (Sodium Barcarbonate; sodium citrate) Systemic alkaliying agents used to treat (metabolic) acidosis w/renal failure, decreases s/s of uremia, Acute condition adminitster w/ IV, monitor PaCO2 and pH for effectiveness, Adverse SE: Sodium and fluid retention
UTI S/S burning on urination, abdominal pain, smelly urine, frequent urination/urgency
UTI Antibiotics:Bactrim sulfa drug (Cipro) binds w/ protein, 2 yrs old and younger or preggers (induces kernicterus/ bilirubin stains area brain) DON'T take it
UTI Antibiotics:Bactrim sulfa drug (Cipro) interfers w/ folic acid synthesis, so new bacteria will not form, and old bacteria die (bacteria static), take 3-7 days, avoid cranberry juice w/Bactrim
Bactrim fact Bactrim and any kind of drug that binds to protein as well, will NOT work as well
UTI Complications in kidneys Polynephritus= E. coli or Pseudomonas infection of renal pelvis, intersitium, casts (shedding of cells) in urine#
UTI complication Cystitis E. coli causes inflammation of bladder and is the most common site of UTI
Urinary Analgesics (Pyridium & AZO) excreted in urine, where it releves pain, burning, frequency, and urgency caused by irritation that infection produces in urinary mucosa
Created by: mordecia123
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