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Lab Safety
Lab safety in the histology lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 major classes of hazards? | Biological (infectious), mechanical, and chemical. |
| For a substance to be infectious... | It must contain enough pathogens of sufficient virulence to cause an infectious disease when a susceptible host is exposed to it. |
| OSHA stands for | US Occupational Health and Safety Administration |
| CDC stands for | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Bloodborne Pathogen Standard became effective in what year? | 1993 |
| Who enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard? | OSHA |
| Universal Precautions should be practiced in any environment that includes... | Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and amniotic fluid. |
| Types of specimens that are excluded from universal precautions unless blood is visibly seen. | Feces, sputum, and vomitus. |
| BBP | Bloodborne Pathogen Plan |
| Bloodborne Pathogen Plan | Engineering controls that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazards from the workplace, and work practice controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed. |
| PPE | Personal Protective Equipment |
| Personal Protective Equipment | To be used when occupational exposure remains after these controls are implemented. |
| Institutional and Lab Policies are required to have.... | An exposure control plan. |
| Exposure control plan | Covers the broad topics of housekeeping, personal protection, and waster disposal. |
| Primary concerns for histopathology personnel. | Frozen sections, autopsy, surgical gross dissection, and cytology prep. |
| When gloves become dirty, can you wash them and continue working or must you throw them away? | OSHA requires disposable gloves to be thrown away when contaminated or damaged. |
| CAP | College of American Pathologists |
| Open toed foot wear should not be worn in the lab and is stated so on the accreditation check list of... | CAP |
| TB infection control program is based on... | Detection, airborne precautions, and treatment. |
| Requires a documented TB exposure control plan. | CAP |
| Cryogenic sprays should not be used n the frozen area because... | The spray may aerosolize TB and increase the chance of infection. |
| Personel at risk of for HBV should be offered the Hep B vaccine at no charge within how many days? | 10 days of initial assignment |
| Employees who have ongoing contact with patients or blood and who are at risk for percutaneous injuries are to be tested for _ surface antigen within 1-2 months after the completion of the vaccination series. | HBV |
| CJD | Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease |
| A prion disease affecting primarily the nervous tissue and resulting in spongiform change in the cortex and subcortical what matter of the brain. | CJD |
| Prion | Abnormal protein |
| CJD Prions are... | Resistant to formalin, some organic solvents, enzymes heat ionizing radiation, freezing, drying, and autolysis. |
| All tissue waste and any materials coming in contact with tissue should be disposed in _ | Biohazard bags |
| Blades, broken glass, razors, and slides should be disposed of in a... | Sharps container |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| Serves as the advisory agent in regards to hazardous waste | CDC |
| Serves as the regulatory agent in regards to hazardous waste | EPA |
| CDC and EPA recognize 4 types of infectious waste: | 1. Microbiologic or culture material 2. Pathologic material 3. Blood 4. Sharp objects |
| Steam sterilization preferred | Microbiologic or culture |
| Incineration Preferred | Pathologic |
| Down the sink | Blood |
| Mechanical Hazards | Sharp instruments, glass, and electrical hazards. |
| Who regulates Sharps containers? | OSHA under BBP standards |
| Sharps containers are defined as.... | Engineering controls |
| Must be color coded, closable, and puncture resistant. | Sharps container |
| Must remain upright, be easy to reach, and at a height that allows employees to see when it is full. | Sharps container |
| Cumulative trauma disorders (Musculoskeletal Disorders; MSDS) | Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, tendonitis, and thoracic outlet compression syndrome |
| Ergonomics | The science of adapting the working environment to the anatomic, physiologic, and psychological characteristics of personnel to enhance their efficiency and well being. |
| _ requires accredited labs to have a documented ergonomics program to prevent MSDs. | CAP |
| Ensures that workers know the hazards of associated with the chemicals in their workplace so they can protect themselves. | OSHA Hazard Communication Standard |
| GHS | United Nations Globally Harmonized System |
| Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemical in the Lab (Lab Standard) | Requires a Chemical Hygiene Plan for implementing practices to minimize exposures to hazardous chemicals. |
| SDS | Safety Data Sheets (formerly MSDS) |
| Lab standard applies to | Labs that 1. Chemical manipulation 2. Multiple chemical procedure or chemicals used 3. protective lab practices and equipment are available and in common use 4.Not part of a production process. |
| _ requires labeling on all containers with the identity of the chemical and appropriate hazard warnings. | CAP |
| Hazardous chemicals are chemicals that cause acute or chronic health effects in exposed employees as defined by... | OSHA |
| Hazardous chemicals gain entry into the body by | 1. Inhalation 2. Absorption 3. Ingestion |
| PEL | Permissible Exposure Limit |
| PEL | Permissible Exposure Limit is the maximum exposure to a chemical in an 8 hour period. |
| TWA | Time Weighted Average |
| Max TWA for Formalin | 0.75ppm |
| STEL | Short Term Exposure Limit |
| How long is a short period in terms of STEL? | 15 minutes |
| STEL for formalin? | 2.0ppm |
| If initial TWA is above 0.5ppm | Then the monitoring should be repeated every 6 months. |
| If monitoring reveals employees at or above the STEL | Then monitoring must be repeated at least once a year. |
| Monitoring results must be provided to the employees within how many days? | 15 |
| Substances that cause or greatly increase the risk of malignant disease. | Carcinogen |
| Carcinogens are regulated by | OSHA |
| NPT | National Toxicology Program |
| IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer |
| Carcinogens include: | Chloroform, Chromic Acid, parosaline, and bennzidine based dyes. Formaldehyde is potential. Bis-chloromethyl added to hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde induces lung cancer. |
| Corrosive substance | Substances that will cause injury to the skin and eyes by direct contact or severe damage to the tissues of respiratory alimentary tracts when inhaled or ingested. |
| 3 elements needed to start a fire: | 1. Air or oxygen 2. Fuel 3. Ignition |
| Name the four groups of fire | A: Organic material (wood, paper) B. flammable liquids (Chemicals) C. Electrical fires D. Metal fires |
| Name what to use to extinguish a fire in each group of fire: | A: Water, foam, or dry B: CO2 dry chemical and foam C:halon, CO2, and dry D:ABC extinguisher |
| Toulene flashpoint | 4.4 |
| Xylene flashpoint | 27.2 |
| Requires that all solvents be stored in fire safety cabinets and safety cans. | OSHA and NFPA |
| A 1 gallon spill will cover how many square feet? | 20 |
| eyewash should be used for at least how many minutes? | 15 |
| NFPA and CAP allow 1 gallon per how many square feet of combustible solvents to be outside a storage cabinet in the lab? | 100 |
| NFPA and CAP allow how many gallons to be stored per 100 square feet when combustible solvents are placed in a safety cabinet? | 2 gallons per 100 square feet. |
| Requires labs to have documented policies and procedures for the adequate disposal of hazardous waste. | CAP |
| Label requirements under the Hazard Communication Standard include: | 1. Pictogram 2. Signal Words 3. Hazard Statement |
| NFPA diamond colors starting from left to right. Along with associated meanings. | Blue: Health Red:Flammability Yellow: Reactivity White: Special symbol |
| Who requires an actual word describing hazard be placed on the container? | OSHA |
| OSHA require an employer to keep an incident report for how many year? | 5 |
| Formalin exposure records and determinants shall be kept for at least how many years? | 30 |
| Medical records shall be kept for how long?v(Formalin) | The duration of employment plus 30 years. |
| Respirator fit testing records shall be kept until when? (Formalin) | Replaced by a more recent record. |
Created by:
Ziek98
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