Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PS: Ch 3
Ch 3
| question or term | Answer or Definition |
|---|---|
| Physical substance of the universe | matter |
| All matter is made up of extremely small particles called | atoms |
| the basic functional units of matter | molecules |
| Provides the bases for the scientific understanding of all matter | atomic theory of matter |
| Who is given credit for the atomic theory of matter | John Dalton |
| Theory that explains molecular motion | Kinetic theory of matter |
| Who is given credit for the kinetic theory of matter | James Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann |
| Two fundamental rules of the kinetic theory of matter | 1- all molecules are in constant motion 2 - the warmer and object is the faster its molecules move |
| the attraction between same substances that holds them together | cohesion |
| the faster atoms are moving, the (more or less) cohesion they have | less |
| Cohesion keeps the molecules of a solid __?__ in __?__ positions | vibrating; fixed |
| A substance with the ability to flow | liquid |
| The molecules of a liquid are able to move __?__ but remain fairly __?__ to one another | freely; close |
| gas molecules move around __?__ and are only stopped by things they __?__ | rapidly; hit or strike |
| The random motion of microscopic particles is known as __?__ | Brownian motion |
| Brownian motion is the result of ... | collisions between the microscopic solid particles and molecules of a liquid |
| True/False: only microscopic particles exhibit Brownian motion | True |
| The process of mixing molecules of 1 substance with another substance by random molecular motion | Diffusion |
| Diffusion always occurs from __?__ to __?__ | higher to lower |
| A membrane that allows some substances to diffuse through them but not other substances is known as | semipermeable |
| A one-way diffusion process | osmosis |
| __?__ is a very important process in living things | osmosis |
| Two classifications of a solid | crystalline and amorphous |
| Type of solid that has an ordered arrangement | crystalline |
| crystalline's have a well defined ... | boiling point |
| Solid that is without form and has not pattern | Amorphous |
| True/False: Amorphous solids do have a specific melting point | False; (they do NOT have specific melting points) |
| Amorphous solids tend to __?__ over a range of temperatures | soften |
| A change in shape when a force moves the stationary molecules | deformation |
| The ability of a solid to recover its original shape after being deformed | Elasticity |
| Two aspects of elasticity that is measured | Resilience and Rigidity |
| how far a material can be deformed from its original shape before the deformation becomes permanent | Resilience |
| how strongly a material opposes deformation | Rigidity |
| a substance with high rigidity will deform (very little, a lot) under ordinary forces | very little |
| the maximum amount of permanent deformation a material will undergo without breaking | Plasticity |
| Plasticity can increase by... | heating |
| the resistance of a material to certain types of small deformations | hardness |
| To types of hardness scales | Mohs scale and Brinell hardness |
| What type of hardness scale measures a materials ability to scratch or scratch resistance | Mohs scale |
| What type of hardness scale measures a materials ability to be dented by a hard ball | Brinell hardness |
| What are the 5 types of deformations | stretching, compression, bending, shearing, and torsion |
| What type of deformation deals with the amount an object is pulled apart but can still return to its original positions | Stretching |
| What law expresses that a certain amount of force is needed to produce a particular amount of deformation | Hooke's law |
| True/False: Hooke's law is only valid for large amounts of stretching | False (Hooke's law is only valid for SMALL amounts of stretching |
| Type of deformation where forces are pushing in on a material | Compression |
| Type of deformation that results when one side is being stretched and the other side is being compresed | Bending |
| Type of deformation where two forces travel in opposite directions side by side | Shear |
| Type of deformation where twisting of an object occurs | Torsion |
| Attraction to molecules of the same type is | cohesion |
| attraction to molecules of a different type is | adhesion |
| attraction where atoms or molecules near the surface develop a "skin-like" on top | Surface tension |
| Attraction where a liquid in a thin tube may rise above or fall beneath their own levels | Capillarity |
| A curved surface | meniscus |
| Force exerted per unit of area is | Pressure |
| Formula for Pressure | P = F/A |
| Unit of pressure | Pascal |
| pressure caused by gravity | gravitational pressure |
| 2 factors that affect gravitational pressure | 1) Depth of liquid 2) Density of a liquid |
| If Pressure is applied to a fluid inside a closed container, the pressure increase will be distributed equally throughout the container is known as ? | Pascal's principle |
| Device used to multiply force by compressing air and a liquid | Hydraulic press |
| A hydraulic press multiplies __?__ at the expense of __?__ | force; distance |
| The ability to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers | Compressibility |
| What law states that the temperature of a gas remains constant, then volume and pressure are indirectly related | Boyle's Law |
| Formula for Boyle's Law | PV=PV |
| What law states that the pressure of a gas remains constant, then volume and temperature are directly related | Charles's Law |
| Formula for Charles's Law | V/T = V/T |
| What law states that the volume of a gas remains constant, then the pressure and temperature are directly related | Amonton's Law |
| Formula for Amonton's Law | P/T = P/T |
| The pressure of a gas is generated by the for of all the __?__ of molecules with the container walls | collisions |
| Who is credited with defining atmospheric pressure | Evangelista Torricelli |
| An empty space with no matter | Vacuum |
| A device used to measure air pressure | barometer |
| scientists who study the weather | meteorologist |
| device that is made without liquid and can determine atmospheric pressure | Aneroid barometer |
| A device used to measure altitude | Altimeter |
| The higher __?__ one goes, then the __?__ pressure is exerted | elevation, lower |
| Fluids tend to move from areas of __?__ pressure to areas of __?__ pressure | high; low |
| Simple devices used to move liquids over obstacles without pumps | siphons |
| What is used to first pump a siphon | primer |
| The end of the siphon from which the liquid drains must be __?__ than the liquid level in the container from which the liquid is coming from | lower |
| __?__ pressure allows certain objects to float in liquids and gases | fluid |
| The Greek mathematician who helped discover his king's crown was not fully made out of gold | Archimedes |
| tendency for a solid object to float when placed in a fluid | buoyancy |
| States that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced | Archimedes' principle |
| An object in a fluid will float if it is __?__ than an equal volume of the fluid | lighter |
| An object in a fluid will sink if it is __?__ than an equal volume of the fluid | heavier |
| A device used to measure the specific gravity of liquids | hydrometer |
| A vessel that can float on top of the water or maneuver beneath the surface by changing its buoyancy | Submarine |
| Where the submarine equals the same weight of the water displaced | neutral buoyancy |
| What theory states that all matter is in constant motion and move faster if temperature increases | Kinetic theory of matter |
| The basis of understanding all matter | atomic theory of matter |
| Know how to solve for Input and Outputs on hydraulic press | force input/area input = force output/area output |
| What principle is demonstrated by a hydraulic press | pascal's principle |
| Airfoil-like structures designed for use in water are __?__ | hydrofoil |
| A lateral pressure exerted by a moving fluid decreases as the fluid's speed increases is known as __?__ | Bernoulli's principle |
| extremely small particles that make up matter are called __?__ | atoms |
| The science of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them is called? | streamlining |
| Part of an airplane that increases wing area to produce more lift | Flap |
| Part of an airplane that tilts the airplane from side to side | Aileron |
| What is the downward force of gravity on an airplane? | weight |
| What is the force that tends to slow an object moving through a fluid | drag |
| An airplane's angle left or right is known as __?__ | yaw |
| Part of an airplane that controls pitch | Elevator |
| formula for hooke's law | F=kx |
| Essay: Describe how Bernoulli's principle contributes to the forces of thrust and lift on an airplane in flight | Lift: Airfoil's shape, Bernoulli's principle, pressure difference upon wing. Thrust: spinning blades |
Created by:
Mrs. Sechrist
Popular Physical Science sets