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Module #13

Vocabulary for Module #13: Phylum Chordata

QuestionAnswer
Vertebrae Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone
Notochord A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support
Endoskeleton A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage
Bone Marrow A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells
Axial Skeleton The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular Skeleton The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
Closed Circulatory System A circulatory system in which the oxygen carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels
Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body
Veins Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Olfactory Lobes The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose
Cerebrum The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature's response to that information
Optic Lobes The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes
Cerebellum The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement
Medulla Oblongata The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord
Internal Fertilization The process by which the male places sperm inside the female's body, where the eggs are fertilized
External fertilization The process by which the female lays the eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female
Oviparous Development Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female's body
Ovoviviparous Development Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female's body
Viviparous Development Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta
Anadromous A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water to reproduce
Bile A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat
Atrium A heart chamber that receives blood
Ventricle A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out
Ectothermic Lacking and internal mechanism for regulating body heat
Hibernation A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures
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