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Phlebotomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Yellow/sterile Cap Additives | SPS to inhibit complement and phagocytosis |
| Yellow/sterile Cap tests | Blood Cultures |
| Yellow/sterile cap specimen | Whole blood |
| Yellow/sterile cap cleaning technique | 70% alcohol followed by povidone-iodine |
| Light blue cap additives | Sodium citrate |
| Light blue cap tests | Coagulation tests |
| Light blue cap specimen | Plasma |
| Light blue cap collection notes | Invert 3-4 times |
| Red cap (plastic) additives | Clot activators |
| Red cap (glass) additives | No additives |
| Red cap tests | Chemistry, blood bank, serology |
| Red cap specimen | Serum |
| Red cap (plastic) notes | Invert gently 5 times |
| Red/grey (tiger) or gold cap additives | Clot activators, polymer gel |
| Red/grey (tiger) or gold cap tests | Most chemistry tests |
| Red/grey (tiger) or gold cap specimen | Serum |
| Red/grey (tiger) or gold cap notes | Known as SST or Serum Separater Tube Invert gently 5 times |
| Green cap additives | Sodium heparin, lithium heparin, ammonium heparin |
| Green cap tests | Stat chemistry, ABG's, Ammonia |
| Green cap specimen | Plasma |
| Green cap notes | Invert 8-10 times |
| Lavender cap additives | EDTA |
| Lavender cap tests | CBC and sedimentation rate |
| Lavender cap specimen | Whole blood |
| Lavender cap Notes | Invert 8-10 times |
| Gray cap additives | Antiglycotic agent or sodium fluoride |
| Grey cap tests | Lactic acid, GTT, FBS, blood alcohol levels |
| Grey cap specimen | Plasma |
| Grey cap notes | Invert 8-10 times Do not use alcohol to clean sight for blood alcohol test |
| Royal blue cap additives | EDTA, heparin, or none |
| Royal blue cap tests | Toxicology, trace metals, nutritional analysis |
| Royal blue cap specimen | Plasma or serum |
| Royal blue cap notes | Invert 8-10 times |
| Pink cap additives | K2, EDTA |
| Pink cap tests | Antibody screen, compatibility test |
| Pink cap specimen | Plasma or whole blood |
| Pink cap notes | Similar to lavender Invert 8-10 times |
| Order of draw | Yellow/sterile, light blue, red, tiger/gold, green, lavender, grey, royal blue, pink |
| Where does the tourniquet go when drawing from hand? | Above the wrist, below cubical fossa |
| Top vein in the inner elbow | Cephalic vein |
| Middle vein (most recommended) in inner elbow | Median cubital |
| Bottom vein in the inner elbow | Bacilic vein |
| What is the most common way to clean a site for phlebotomy? | 70% alcohol |
| What is used to clean the site for a phlebotomy when alcohol cannot be used? | Povidone-iodine |
| What is used to clean a phlebotomy site when there is an allergy to povidone-iodine? | Chlorhexidine gluconate |
| Why is povidone-iodine not recommended for dermal punctures? | It can elevate test results for bilirubin, Uris acid, phosphorus, and potassium (BURPP) |
| What is petechiae? | Little non-raised red dots that are formed due to a tourniquet being applied to a person with a capillary wall or platelet disorder. Could mean the site could bleed excessively. It can also be caused by too tight if a tourniquet. |
| Hemoconcentration | The alteration in ratio of blood elements. It is caused by leaving a tourniquet on too long |
| Complications during blood draw. | Seizures, syncope, pain, nausea and vomiting |
| How long should pressure be applied in the case of an artery puncture? | 10 minutes |
| Complications (long-term) of venipuncture | Anemia, compartment syndrome, nerve damage, and infection |
| What situations can alter blood test results? | Occluded veins, hematoma, edematous tissue, burns and scars, mastectomies, difficulty finding veins, and other skin conditions |
| How to find hiding veins | Dangle arm down, gently massage upward from wrist to elbow, palmate veins, apply heat, rotate wrist, tap antecubital are with index and middle fingers, (if trained to do so) use a blood pressure cuff |
| What should the requisition have in it? | Patient's full name,DOB, sex, race, hospital ID or bed number, name or code of ordering physician, test status and the phlebotomist' ICD-9 code |
| What is the benefit of a syringe blood draw? | Phlebotomist can control how fast the blood comes into the tube. |
| How long should the site be allowed to dry after being cleaned? | 30-60 seconds |
| How far away should a vein be anchored? | 1-2 inches below the vein |
| When should the tourniquet be removed? | After the first tube is filled, before the needle is withdrawn- DO NOT LEAVE TOURNIQUET ON FOR LONGER THAN A MINUTE |
| Six types of patients where a dermal puncture is advised. | Geriatrics, patient with an IV, patient with frequent blood tests, patients with burns or scars, patients at risk for anemia, obese patients |
| What are micropipettes used for? | Arterial blood gas tests |
| What is a BT (bleeding time) test? | Tells how long it takes for bleeding to stop. |
| What is BURPP? | Bilirubin, Uric Acid, Phosphorus, and Potassium |
| Heel puncture should not be deeper than... | 2.0mm |
| An infant heel warming device is used for how long? | 3-5 minutes |
| When performing a dermal puncture, where should the puncture be made? | Perpendicular to the fingerprint |
| Where should a heel puncture be made? | Medial and lateral parts of the heel |
| What pain medication does not interfere with a BT test? | Acetaminophen |
| During a BT test, what should the blood pressure cuff be? | 40mm Hg |
| What is a normal BT test result? | 2-10 minutes |
Created by:
Martinafulgieri
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