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The American Republi
American Colonies in the British Empire
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The French and Indian War | decided who would control the North American continent, specifically the Ohio Valley; also called the Seven Years War |
| Fort Duquesne | At the point where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers join to form the Ohio river, present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Virginians built it, the French attacked before it was finished and claimed it |
| guerilla warfare | Native Americans introduced this style of fighting to the French; hiding behind trees waiting to ambush the British |
| The Albany Plan of Union | 1754, Benjamin Franklin created a call for the creation of a grand council made up of delegates from all the colonies; 1st attempt to unite the colonies (though it failed) |
| Pontiac's War | Ottowan Indian chief organized tribes from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico to "stop the entrance of the white man" into the western frontier, by capturing forts and terrorizing settlers |
| Proclamation of 1763 | British king issued this which banned colonists from going west of the Appalachian Mountains much to the dismay of the colonists |
| Quartering Act of 1765 | to defend their holdings in America, Britain left thousands of troops; colonists were ordered to house, heat and feed them |
| Navigation and Trade Acts | mercantilistic policy that controlled trade between the colonies and Britain's rivals to supposedly raise revenue for the British treasury; caused colonists to smuggle |
| writs of assistance | general search warrants that British customs officials used to search for smuggled goods |
| Sugar Act (1764) | duties placed on imported goods, such as molasses, coffee, silks, sugar, and idigo, to help pay for British protection in the colonies |
| The Stamp Act (1765) | required colonial businessmen and lawyers to purchase special stamps and place them on items that were taxed, such as legal documents, calendars, newspapers and playing cards |
| "No taxation without representation" | colonial rallying cry to protest the taxes that the British Parliament was imposing on them (violating their republican principles) |
| Sons of Liberty | organizers of rallies to protest the Stamp Act by using intimidation to deter the collectors that often turned violent |
| Stamp Act Congress | 1765, nine delegates from the colonies met in New York at the urging of Samuel Adams to discuss imposed taxes; sent petition to King George III pledging their loyalty, but insisting on representation in Parliament; king denied, (led to boycott) |
| 3 reasons Britain tightened control over American colonies | Britain had a large empire, colonies only half-heartedly supported the wars against France, colonial merchants had traded with Britain's enemies during the war |
| Townshend Acts (1767) | new duties on glass, paper, lead and tea which led to more colonial boycotting of English goods and smuggling |
| tarring and feathering | method of intimidating British tax collectors |
| Boston Massacre | March 5, 1770 result of men and boys taunting British soldiers sent to keep order by throwing snowballs and stones at them. The troops then fired into the mob, killing 5 and wounding 6 |
| The Bloody Massacre | Paul Revere's propaganda which somewhat misrepresented the tensions between the British soldiers |
| Committee of Correspondence | group formed by Samuel Adams in Boston to promote resistance to Britain; soon became important in alerting the colonists to British threats |
| Tea Act (1773) | imposed to help the struggling East India Company by allowing them to monopolize on tea trade to America |
| Intolerable Acts (1774) | designed to punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party |
| Boston Tea Party | rebellious act by men dressed as Indians; poured ships of tea overboard instead of paying taxes on it, costing Britain $$$$ |
| The Boston Port Act | closed the port of Boston to trade until the destroyed tea was paid for, charter was changed to give British more control, and citizens lost their right to elect representatives |
| the Quebec Act | in the newly acquired Canada territory this act allowed French law to be used in civil cases and extended its borders south to the Ohio River |
| How did merchants avoid the Townshend taxes? | They smuggled goods past British customs agents |
| Patrick Henry | "Give me liberty or give me death" |
| First Continental Congress | September 5, 1774, Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, men from each colony EXCEPT Georgia met to discuss opposition to the Intolerable Acts, created a formal statement of protest called the Declaration of Rights and Grieveances |
| minutemen | militiamen who were ready at a moment's notice to fight |
Created by:
Ms. Marshall
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