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ch 18
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Strong force | attractive force that acts between protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus |
Radioactivity | process that occurs when a nucleus decays and emits alpha, beta, or gamma radiation |
Alpha particle | particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons that is emitted from a decaying atomic nucleus |
Transmutation | process of changing one element to another through radioactive decay |
Beta particle | electron that is emitted from a decaying atomic nucleus |
Gamma ray | electromagnetic wave with no mass and no charge that travels at the speed of light and is usually emitted with alpha or beta particles from a decaying atomic nucleus |
Half-life | amount of time it take for half of the nuclei in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay |
Nuclear fission | process of splitting an atomic nucleus into two or more nuclei with smaller masses |
Chain reaction | ongoing series of fission reactions |
Critical mass | amount of fissionable material required so that each fission reaction produces approximately one more fission reaction |
Nuclear fusion | reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei form a nucleus with a larger mass |
Tracer | radioactive isotope that can be detected by the radiaiton it emits after it is absorbed by a living organism |