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MedSurg70
Skin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dry Skin(Xerosis) | Fine flaking of stratum corneum(outermost layer of skin); usually worse on lower leg; worse in dry climates. Worsen by wind, cold, and sunlight |
| Mananagement of Dry Skin | Always apply skin creams or lotions to slightly damp skin within 2 to 3 minutes after bathing. |
| Creams and Lotions | Cream or lotion is NOT what makes the skin soft and supple. Water is the agent that softens the outer skin layers. Lubricating creams and lotions seal in the moisture provided by water, promoting suppleness and preventing flaking. |
| Pruritus(Itching) | Subjective symptoms similar to pain. Worse at night. |
| Conditions Contributing to Itching | Poor skin hydration, increased skin temperature, perspiration, and emotional stress; Encourage client to keep fingernails trimmed short and filed to reduce skin damage. Wear mittens or splints at night to prevent inadvertent scratching during sleep |
| Sunburn | First degree or superficial burn; Caused by excessive exposure to UV light which injures the dermis and dilates the capillaries, leading to redness, tenderness, edema, and occasional blister formation |
| Treatment of Sunburn | Pain begins within a few hours after occurence and increase in intensity for 1 to 2 days. Treatment is directed toward comfort. Includes cool baths and soothing lotions, such as bland lubricants or refrigerated moisturizing lotions. |
| Urticaria(Hives) | Presence of white or red edematous papules or plaques of various sizes; Caused by exposure to a specific substance, which releases histamine in the dermal tissue, causing blood vessel dilation and leakage of plasma protein to form lesions or wheals |
| Urticaria Treatment | Antihistamines are helpful. Instruct the client to avoid overexertion, alcohol consumption, and warm environments, which contribute to blood vessel dilation and make the symptoms worse. |
| Phases of Wound Healing | 1. Inflammatory, or lag phase2. Fibroblastic or connective tissue repair phase3. Maturation or remodeling phase |
| Healing by First Intention | No tissue loss (clean laceration or a surgical incision) can be closed with sutures or staples. Approximated wound edges. Held in place until healing is complete; Wound easily closed and dead space is eliminated. Leaves a thin scar. |
| Healing by Second Intention | Deep tissue injuries or wound with tissue loss (Chronic Pressure Ulcer or Venous Stasis Ulcer) cavity-like defect that requires gradual filling of the dead space with connective tissue |
| Healing by Third Intention | High risk for infection; Left open for several days; After debris and exudates have been removed and inflammation has subsided, wound is closed by first intention; Surgical incisions that enter a nonsterile body cavity or traumatic wounds in unclean cond. |
| Partial Thickness Wounds(Superficial) | Damage to the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis; heal by re-epithelialization |
| Full-Thickness Wounds | Damage extends into the lower layers of the dermis and underlying subcutaneous tissue; epithelial cells at the base of the wounds have been destroyed and cannot replicate; Results in granulation |
| Re-Epithelialization | Production of new skin cells by undamaged epidermal cells in the basal layer of the dermis and lining the epidermal appendages; healing takes 5 to 7 days in healthy client; Partial Thickness wounds |
| Granulation | Removal of the damaged tissue results in a defect that must be filled with scar tissue for healing to occur; full-thickness wounds |
| Contraction | Pull wound edges inward along the path of least resistance; tension; full-thickness wounds |
Created by:
keisha12_18
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