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CardioPulmonary
CardioPulmonary Physiology - Units 6-7 SPC
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Location and shape of Kidneys | Bean shaped. Behind peritoneal cavity, below diaphragm. Cephaled poles = T12, and Caudal poles = L3...RETROPERITONEAL |
Anatomy of the Kidney | Adrenal glands- hormones, Renal artery and vein, Ureters- urine to bladder |
Components of the Kidney | Cortex- DARK OUTER, Medulla- PALE INNER, Renal Pyramids- 8-12 converge in to the Papillary Ducts to Major and Minor Calyces make up the Renal pelvis |
Blood Vessles of Kidney | Renal Art, Interlobar Art, Arcuate Art, Interlobular Art, Afferent Arterioles, Glomerulus, Efferent, Peritubular Cap, Interlobular Vein, Arcuate V, Interlobar, V, Renal V |
Nepheron | functional unit of kidney. analgous to acinus |
Glomerulus | network of up to 50 parallel capillaries branch from afferent art. |
Bowman's Capsule | C- shaped expanded end of renal tubule holds glomerulus. Function = FILTER |
Nephron Components | Glomerulus, Bowman's Cap, Proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal tubule, Collecting duct |
2 Capillary Beds of Nephron | Glomerular, Peritubular |
Function of Glomerulus | Ultrafilter of Blood. mean P 55 |
Function of Peritubular Capillary | Tubular secretion, Tubular reabsorption |
3 Processes of the Nephron | Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Secretion, Tubular Reabsorption |
Normal Glomerular Fitration Rate (GFR) | 125ml/minute |
Urine Output | 60ml/hour or 1ml/minute |
Glomerular Filtraion in relation to Pressure | Glom BP 55mmHg, BowCap fluid P -15, Osmotic P -30 = NET FILTRATION PRESSURE 10mmHg |
Glomerular Blood Vessels | AFFERENT ART- constriction = Decrease GFR, dilate = increase GFR...EFFERENT ART- constriction = increase GFR, dilate = decrease GFR |
Reabsorption of Renal tubules | Out of Tubules and into Peritubular Cap...Glucose, Sodium, Calcium, Amino Acids |
Secretion of Renal Tubules | Out of Peritubular Cap in to Tubules....Creatinine |
Water Transport of Tubular System | Osmosis- 80% H2O reasbsorption occurs in Proximal Tubule via Osmosis. Glucose, Sodium and Chloride have strong influence |
Transport Maximum | MAX rate for a substance that is SECRETED or REABSORBED via active transport (TM) |
TM of Glucose | 320mg/min |
TM of Creatinine | 16mg/min |
Tubular secretion of urea BUN Normal | Plasma BUN 8-18mg/dL |
Tubular Secretion of Creatinine Normal | Plasma Creatinine 0.6-1.2mg/dL |
AnitDiuretic Hormone (ADH) | Secreted by Posterior Pituitary Gland, Influenced by Serum Osmolarity, Increase Osmol. triggers ADH release which DECREASES Urine output= WATER RETENTION |
Total Body WATER | Males-60%, Females 50%, Newborn-75% |
MILLIMOLE (mmol) | 1/1000 of a mole, molecular or atomic weight in milligrams |
MILLIEQUIVALENT (mEq)IONIC Charge | 1/1000 of Equivalent. Ionized substances. Electrolytes, Cations, anions |
MILLIOSMOLE (mOsm) | 1/1000 of osmole. How much solute you have in plasma. Glucose and Protein exert great osmotic influence |
Major Intracellular Cations and concentration | K-150mEq/L, Mg-25mEq/L, Na-15mEq/L |
Major Intracellular Anions and conc. | HPO4(Phosphate)-100mEq/L, Pr(Proteinate)-60, SO4(Sulfate)-20 |
Major Plasma Cations and conc. | Na-140, K-5, Ca-5 |
Major Plamsa Anions and conc. | Cl-105, HCO3-24 |
Anions Gap | to see if metabolic imbalance. Sub HCO3 and Cl from Na and K. Normal = 10-20mEq/L |
Clinical significance of Anion Gap | if >22= METABOLIC ACIDOSIS |
Normal Serum Osmolarity | 275-300 mOsm/L |
What determines Serum Osmolarity | Sodium, Glucose and BUN |
Loop Diuretics (LASIX)FAST AND POWERFUL | inhibit reabsorption of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride in Henle. |
Thiazide Diuretics SLOWER | Inhibit tubular reabsorption of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride in distal tube. Bicarb is reabsorbed = METABOLIC ALKALOSIS |
Osmotic Diuretics (MANNITOL) | PULL a lot of fluid. Large molecular substance pass into tubules thru glomerular membrane and are not reabsorbed |
ALDOSTERONE | adrenal hormone- Increases Sodium reabsorption and Potassium secretion in response to Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hypovolemia, Decreased CO |
Phosphate Buffer FAST, NOT LONG LASTING | to prevent acidosis, gets rid of extra H ions by forming a salt |
Ammonia Buffer SLOWER, LONG LASTING | gets rid of extra H ions by forming a salt, synthesized in Renal tubules, effective for long term acidosis |
Cause of Resp ACIDOSIS | Central nervous system depression, anesthesia, sedative drugs, narcotic analgesics, barbituates, Restricive disorders like obesity and kyphoscoliosis, COPD |
Causes of Resp ALKALOSIS | Anxiety, Stimulant drugs, Pain, Stim of J receptor=rapid shallow breathing, Pain, Pulm. Vascvular disease, Athsma |
Causes of Met. Acidosis | Loss of Base/Bicarb, diarrhea, Renal tubular acidosis, Gain of Acid - Diabetic ketoacidosis, Lactic acid. alcohol keto. |
Causes of Met. Alkalosis | Increase in Base-Diuretic therapy, Loss of fixed acid- Severe vomitting, Naso suction |