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Med Surg HIV/AIDS

Med Surg Final

QuestionAnswer
Functions of the immune system Protection from outside microroganism, internal threats, and removes damaged cells
Responsible for inmmune response T lymphocytes B lymphocytes
B lymphocytes dormant until antigen enters the body, then multiply and are available for defense
T lymphocytes Rsponsible for rejection of transplanted tissue
Humoral response inmediate, protects against acute, repidly developing bacteria and viruses
Cellular response delayed hypersensitivity, , slow developing bacteria, autoinmune response, allergic reaction, rejections of foreing cells
Natural Inmunity innate, present at birth
Aquired Inmunity received passively from mother's antibodies, animal serum, or antibodies in response to a disease
Active aquired inmmunity Immunization
AIDS Infectious disease characterized by severe deficit in cellular function, caused by HIV
AIDS Clinical manifestation Oportunistic infections and unusual neoplasm, may not appear until late in the infection
AIDS related complex similr to AIDS, can lead to AIDS, and it characterized by 2 or more symptoms/lab related to immunodeficiency
AIDS High risk Male Homosexual, bisexual, IV drug use, Blood transfusion Pt, frequent exposure to blood/body fluids, hetrosexual contact with high risk individual, babies born to infected mothers
AIDS Assessment Malaise, weight loss, Lymphadenopathy at least 3 months, leukopenia, diarrhea,fatigue, night sweats, opportunistic infections
Common opportunistic infections in AIDS Pneumocystis Carinee pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, Fungal infections, candidiasis, cytomegalovirus.
Kaposis sarcoma-AIDS opportunistic infection purplish/red lesions of internal organs and skin
HIV transmission Sexual exposure to genital secretionsParenteral exposure to infected bloodPerinatal exposure to infant trough birth/breast feeding
HIV Diagnostic tests Elisa, western blot, IFA
Diagnosis of HIV 2 test of the same blood sample must be reactive to ELISA, confirmation with Wester Blot or IFA
+ELISA -WESTERN Shold not be considered negative, repeat test 3-6months
CD4+T cell count Monitors progression of HIV, CD4+T decreases as infection progresses
CD4+T Normal limits 500-1600cells/ul
CD4+T in AIDS 200-499cell/ul immune system problems<200 severe immune problems
CD4-CD8 ratio Monitors progression of HIV2:1 normal, in HIV ratio is low since CD4 <
Viral culture measures amount of reverse transcriptase
Viral load Presence of HIV RNA in clients blood
P24 antigen Quantifies amount of HIV viral core protein in pt's serum, used in children younger than 18months
HIV compromises cellular and humeral inmmunities
Horizontal transmission of HIV sexual contact, exposure o blood, body fluids containig blood
Vertical Transmission of HIV Pregnant women infects her fetus
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