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Skull-Facial & sinus
Procedures 2. (Facial bones, sinuses......) Chap 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 divisions of ear? | external, middle, internal |
| The _____ process and ____ tip of the temporal bone are posterior and inferior to EAM. The ____ process is inferior and slightly anterior. | mastoid process and mastoid tip. Styloid process |
| The 3 main parts of the middle ear? | tympanic membrane, 3 small bones of the auditory ossicles, tympanic cavity. |
| The eustachian tube is the passageway between the ____ ear and the _____. (sensation of ears popping is pressure being adjusted to prevent damage to the eardrum) | middle ear and nasopharynx |
| What are the 3 small bones in the auditory ossicles of the middle ear? | malleus, incus, stapes. |
| What portion of the ear is the sensory apparatus of hearing and equilibrium? | internal ear. |
| Of the internal ear, the osseous (bony) labyrinth is divided into 3 distinctly shaped parts: | cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal. |
| Of the ___ facial bones, only ___ are single bones the rest are pairs. | 14, 2 (vomer and mandible) |
| Largest immovable bones of the face? | maxillary. (mandible is largest) |
| Each maxilla assists in formation of what 3 cavities of the face | mouth, nasal, one orbit. |
| 4 processes of maxilla? | frontal, zygomatic, alveolar, palatine |
| processes of maxilla: frontal projects ____, zygomatic projects ____ | upwards, laterally |
| What process of the maxilla is the inferior aspect of each body of the maxilla that 8 upper teeth occur along? | alveolar |
| what forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth? | the 2 palatine processes of the maxilla. ( palatine bones make up the posterior portion of hard palate) |
| Each maxilla articulates with what 2 cranial bones and how many facial bones? | frontal and ethmoid. Articulates with all facial bones except mandible |
| Makes up the lower outer portion of the orbits? | Zygomatic bone |
| Projecting posteriorly from the zygoma is a slender process that connects to the zygomatic process of the ____ bone to form the zygomatic arch | temporal bone |
| Anterior portion of zygomatic arch is formed by what? posterior part? What is this area termed | zygoma, zygomatic process of temporal bone. termed zygomatic prominence |
| Each zygoma articulates with what 3 cranial bones and what facial bone? | frontal, sphenoid, temporal. Maxilla |
| The ____ and ____ bones are the thinnest and most fragile bones in the entire body | lacrimal and nasal |
| The lacrimal bones lies ____ on the ____ side of the orbit. | anteriorly on the medial side |
| Point of junction of the two nasal bones with the frontal is termed | nasion |
| Each lacrimal bone articulates with what 2 cranial and what 2 facial bones | frontal and ethmoid, maxilla and inferior nasal concha |
| Each nasal bone articulates with what two cranial and what 2 facial bones? | frontal and ethmoid, maxilla and adjacent nasal |
| Within the nasal cavity are two platelike bones called the ____ | inferior nasal conchae |
| How many pairs of nasal conchae are there and what are they? | 3, superior and middle pairs are parts of the ethmoid bone, and then the inferior pair which are separate facial bones. |
| Purpose of nasal conchae? | divide nasal cavities into compartments to break up the flow of air before it reaches the lungs |
| The ______ and _____ of the ethmoid bone help separate the cranium from the facial bone mass | cribiform plate and crista galli |
| inferior nasal concha articulates with what cranial bone? What 3 facial bones? | ethmoid. Maxilla, lacrimal, and palatine |
| Each palatine bone articulates with what 2 cranial bones? what four facial bones? | sphenoid and ethmoid. Maxilla, inferior nasal conchae, vomer, adjacent palatine |
| The septum is formed superiorly by the ___________, and inferiorly by the _____. | perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer |
| Nasal septum cartilage is termed | septal cartilage |
| Deviated septum usually occurs between the ____ and ____ | septa cartilage and vomer |
| When do the two bones of the mandible (in an infant..only...) join to become one? | about 1 year |
| Anterior to the angle/gonion is termed _____. Area superior to the angle/gonion is termed the _____. | body (which extends from left angle around to the right), ramus |
| _________ or ridge, extends along entire superior portion of the body of the mandible where teeth are rooted | alveolar process |
| Single mandible body forms from each lateral half and unites at the anterior midline and is called | symphysis menti |
| flat triangular area below symphysis menti, marked by 2 protuberances is called? | mental protuberance. (center of this is mental point) |
| Center of the mental protuberance of the mandible is termed? | mental point |
| Ramus of mandible terminates in a U shaped notched termed | mandibular notch |
| process at anterior end of mandibular notch is termed the _____. The posterior process is termed the _____. | coronoid process, condyloid process |
| How to remember coronoid of mandible and ulna and coracoid of scapula? | "n" in coronoid with "n" in ulna and mandible |
| The ______ process of mandible consists of two parts: head and the neck | condyloid |
| The condyle of the _____ process fits into the TM fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ | condyloid |
| TMJ is located where in proportion to the EAM? | just anterior and slightly superior |
| TMJ is classified as a ______ type of joint. | synovial (diarthrodial) |
| Type of joint involving the teeth and mandible and maxillae ? | gomphosis subclass of fibrous |
| How to tell if mouth is open or closed on a TMJ position? | condyle moves forward to the front edge of the fossa |
| Only the ___ sinuses are part of the facial bone structure | maxillary |
| What sinuses have a definite cavity at birth? | maxillary |
| The frontal and sphenoid sinuses begin to be visible on radiographs at age ___-__. All paranasal sinuses generally are developed by what age? | 6-7 years old. All developed by late teen years |
| Older term for maxillary sinus | antrum of highmore |
| Floor of each maxillary sinus is slightly below the level of the floor of each | nasal fossa |
| Which sinuses rarely become aerated before age 6 | frontal |
| Ethmoid sinuses are contained within the ______ or _____ of the ethmoid bone. | lateral masses or labyrinths |
| When viewed from the side, why do the anterior ethmoid sinuses appear to fill the orbits? | portions of the ethmoid sinuses are in the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone, which helps form the medial wall of each orbit |
| Sphenoid sinuses lie in the body of the sphenoid, which is directly below the ___ | sella turcica |
| sphenoid effusion is what | (if air fluid levels are seen in sphenoid sinus) basal skull fracture, blood or cerebral fluid is leaking through fracture into sinus |
| Drainage/communication passageways of the sinuses make up the _____________, which can become obstructed, leading to an infection of these sinuses termed ______. | osteomeatal complex, sinusitis |
| two key passageways of osteomeatal complex? | infundibulum and middle nasal meatus |
| Rim of the orbit, which corresponds to the outer circular portion of the cone, is called the____. Posterior portion of the cone is called ___. | base, apex |
| With the head placed in an upright frontal or lateral position with the OML parallel to the floor, each orbit would project superiorly at an angle of ___ and toward the MSP at an angle of ___. | 30, 37 |
| Each optic foramen is located at the __ of its respective orbit | apex |
| To xray optic foramen how must patient be positioned? | chin extended 30 degrees and head rotated 37 |
| ______ of ____ bone forms most of the roof of the orbit | orbital plate of frontal |
| zygoma forms much of the _____ wall and some of the _____ of the orbit | lateral wall floor. |
| Maxilla helps to form the ____ of the orbit | floor |
| ____ and ____ make up most of the posterior orbit | sphenoid and ethmoid |
| 7 bones that make up the orbit | Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, Maxilla, zygoma, lacrimal, palatine. |
| small hole in sphenoid that is located posteriorly at the apex of the cone-shaped orbit | optic foramen |
| opening between the greater and lesser wings | superior orbital fissure |
| opening between maxilla, zygomatic bone, and greater wing of the sphenoid | inferior orbital fissure |
| Small root of bone that separates the superior orbital fissure from the optic canal is known as the | sphenoid strut |
| What/where are basal skull fractures? | fracture through dense inner structures of the temporal bone |
| What is a contrecoup fracture? | fracture to one side that is caused from an impact on the other. EX- blow to one side of mandible creates a fracture on opposite side |
| Blow out fracture? | fracture of floor of orbit cause by object striking straight on. (may cause perception of two images) |
| PA skull projection (CR and OML perp) causes the petrous pyramids to be where? | directly into the orbits |
| Optic foramen allows passage of what? Which is a continuation of the ____. | CN 2. Retina |
| Superior orbital fissure allows transmission of what? Which controls what? | CN 3-7, control movement of eye and eyelid |
| Inferior orbital fissure allows transmission of what? Which permits what? | Maxillary branch of CN 6. Permits sensory innervation of cheek, nose, upper lip, and teeth |
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Zoest35
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