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What is the name of the tarsal bone found on the medial side of the foot between the talus and three cuneiforms?
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Where are the sesamoid bones of the foot commonly located?
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Ch 6 Lower Limb
Bontrager Ch 6 Self Test Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name of the tarsal bone found on the medial side of the foot between the talus and three cuneiforms? | Navicular (Scaphoid) |
| Where are the sesamoid bones of the foot commonly located? | Plantar surface near the head of first metatarsal |
| Which tarsal bone is considered to be the smallest? | Intermediate Cuneiform |
| What is another term for the talocalcaneal joint? | Subtalarjoint |
| The distal tibial joint surface is called...? | Tibial plafond |
| True or False? The mortise of the ankle should be totally open and visible on a correctly positioned AP projection of the ankle | FALSE |
| What is the correct central ray (CR) centering placement for an AP projection of the toes? | Affected MTP joint |
| Which type of CR angle is required for an AP projection of the toes? | 10 to 15 degrees posterior |
| What projection is used for the sesamoid bones of the foot? | Tangential |
| How much foot rotation is required for the AP oblique, medial rotation projection of the foot? | 30 to 40 degrees |
| What is another term for the AP projection of the foot? | Dorsoplantar projection |
| What CR angle is generally required for the AP projection of the foot? | 10 degrees posterior |
| Which projection of the foot best demonstrates the cuboid? | AP oblique- medial rotation |
| What is the name of the deep depression found on the posterior side of the distal femur? | Intercondylar fossa |
| A line drawn across the most distal aspect of the medial & lateral femoral condyles would be ____ from being at a right angle to the long axis of the femur | 5 to 7 degrees |
| The upper, or superior, portion of the patella is called the ____ | base |
| Which structures serve as shock absorbers within the knee joint? | Menisci |
| Where is the central ray placed for a plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus? | Base of the third metatarsal |
| Which ankle projection is best for demonstrating the mortise of the ankle? | AP Oblique (15 to 20 degree medial rotation) |
| Which imaginary plane should be placed parallel to the IR for an AP projection of the knee? | Interepicondylar |
| Which joint space should be open or almost open for a well-positioned AP oblique knee projection with medial rotation? | Proximal tibiofibular |
| Why is a PA projection of the patella preferred to an AP projection? | Less OID, less distortion of the patella, less magnification of the patella |
| A projection is performed for the patellofemoral joint with the patient supine and the knee flexed 40 degrees. The CR is angled 30 degrees caudad from horizontal. The casette is resting on the lower legs supported by a special cassette-holding device. | Bilateral Merchant |
| What is the major DISADVANTAGE of the Settegast method? | Requires overflexion of the knee |
| A film of an AP knee shows that the joint spaces are not equally open and the proximal fibula is superimposed over the tibia. What error occurred? | Lateral rotation of the lower limb |
| A patient is referred to radiology for a possible Lisfranc injury. Which of the following positioning routines best demonstrates the condition? | Weight-bearing foot study |
| An x-ray if an AP mortise projection of the ankle shows that the lateral joint space is not open with the lateral malleolus superimposed over the talus. The talus is distorted. What is the error? | Excessive medial rotation |
| What is the largest and strongest tarsal bone? | Calcaneus |
| What is the name of the joint found between the talus and the calcaneus? | Subtalar or talocalcaneal |
| What is the small opening, or space, found in the middle of the subtalar joint? | Sinus tarsi or tarsal sinus |
| List the three specific articular facets found in the subtalar joint | Posterior, Anterior, and Middle facet |
| Which tuberosity of the foot is palpable and a common site of foot trauma? | Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal |
| What are the two arches of the foot? | Longitudinal and Trasverse |
| Which three bones make up the ankle joint? | Talus, Tibia, and Fibula |
| The three bones of the ankle form a deep socket into which the talus fits. What is that socket called? | Ankle Mortise |
| The distal tibial joint surface forming the roof of the distal ankle joint is called: | Tibial Plafond |
| The ankle joint is classified as a synovial joint with ____ type movement | Sellar |
| The calcaneus articulates with the talus and the: | Cuboid |
| What is the weight-bearing bone of the lower leg? | Tibia |
| What is the name of the large prominence located on the midanterior surface of the proximal tibia that serves as a distal attachment for the patellar tendon? | Tibial Tuberosity |
| What is the name of the small prominence located on the posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle of the femur that is an identifying landmark to determine possible rotation of a lateral knee? | Adductor tubercle |
| A small, triangular depression located on the tibia that helps form the distal tibiofibular joint is the called the: | Fibular notch |
| The articular facets of the proximal tibia are also referred to as the: | Tibial Plateau |
| What degree do the articular facets slope posteriorly? | 10 to 15 degrees |
| What is the most proximal aspect of the fibula? | Apex |
| The extreme distal end of the fibula forms: | Lateral Malleolus |
| What is the name of the largest sesamoid bone in the body? | Patella |
| What are two other names for the patellar surface of the femur? | Intercondylar sulcus and Trochlear groove |
| What is the name of the depression located on the posterior aspect of the distal femur? | Intercondyler FOSSA |
| Why does the CR need to be angled 5 to 7 degrees cephalad for the lateral knee projection? | The medial condyle extends lower than the lateral condyle of the femur |
| What is the name of the slightly raised area located on the posterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle? | Adductor Tubercle |
| What is the general region of the posterior knee called? | Popliteal region |
| What are the two palpable bony landmarks found on the distal femur? | Medial & Lateral Epicondyle |
| True or False: The patella acts like a pivot to increase the leverage of a large muscle found in the anterior thigh | TRUE! |
| For which large muscle does the patella serve as a pivot to increase the leverage? | Quadriceps Femoris |
| What is the inward turning or bending of the ankle? | Inversion |
| Decreasing the angle between the dorsum pedis and anterior lower leg is what foot/ankle movement? | Dorsiflexion |
| What is the outward turning or bending of the ankle? | Eversion |
| What is it called when extending the ankle or pointing the foot and toe downward? | Plantar Flexion |
| What KV range should be used for lower limb radiography? | 50 to 70 kv |
| What is the recommended SID distance for lower limb? | 40 inches |
| Why is the central ray angled 10 to 15 degrees toward the calcaneus for an AP projection of the toes? | Opens up the IP and MTP joints |
| Where is the CR centered for the AP oblique projection of the foot? | Base of the 3rd MT |
| The foot should be dorsiflexed so that the plantar surface of the foot is ______ from the vertical for the sesamoid projection | 15 to 20 degrees |
| Why should the CR be perpendicular to the metatarsals for an AP projection of the foot? | Opens up the MTP joints and certain intertarsal joints |
| Rotation can be determined on an x-ray image of an AP foot projection by the near-equal distance between the ____ metatarsals | 2nd to 5th |
| Which oblique projection of the foot best demonstrates the majority of the tarsal bones? | AP oblique with medial rotation |
| Which oblique projection best demonstrates the navicular and the first and second cuneiforms with minimal superimposition? | AP oblique with lateral rotation |
| Which projection will place the foot into a true lateral position? Mediolateral or Lateromedial? | Lateromedial |
| Which type of study should be performed to best evaluate the status of the longitudinal arches of the foot? | AP & Lateral weight-bearing projections |
| How should the CR be angled from the long axis of the foot for the plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus? | 40 degrees cephalad |
| What calcaneal structure should appear medially on a well-positioned plantodorsal axial projection? | Sustentaculum tali |
| Where is the CR placed for a mediolateral projection of the calcaneus? | 1 inch inferior to medial malleolus |
| Why should AP, 45 degree oblique, and lateral ankle radiographs include the proximal metatarsals? | Demonstrate a possible fracture of the 5th metatarsal tuberosity |
| How much (if any) should the foot be rotated for an AP mortise projection of the ankle? | 15 to 20 degree (medially) |
| Which projection of the ankle best demonstrates a possible fracture of the lateral malleolus? | 45 degree AP oblique with medial rotation |
| With a true lateral projection of the ankle, the lateral malleolus is: | Projected over the posterior aspect of the distal tibia |
| To include both joints for a lateral projection of the tibia and fibula for an adult, how should the technologist place the cassette in relation to the part? | Diagonally |
| Where is the CR centered for an AP projection of the knee? | 1/2 inch distal to the apex of the patella |
| Which basic projection of a knee demonstrates the proximal fibula free of superimposition? | AP oblique, 45 degree medial rotation |
| How much flexion is recommended for a lateral projection of the knee? | 20 to 30 degrees |
| Which one of the following special projections of the knee best demonstrates the intercondylar fossa? | Holmblad |
| How much flexion of the lower leg is required for the PA axial projection (Also known as Camp-Coventry method) when the CR is angled 40 degree caudad? | 40 degree flexion |
| What type of CR angulation is required for the PA axial weight-bearing projection (Rosenberg method)? | 10 degrees caudad |
| How much knee flexion is required for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method)? | 60 to 70 degrees |
| What type of CR angle is required for the PA axial (Holmblad method)? | None- Perpendicular to the IR |
| How much part flexion is recommended for a lateral projection of the patella? | 5 to 10 degrees |
| How much CR angle from the long axis of the femora is required for the tangential (Merchant) bilateral projection? | 30 degrees from horizontal |
| How much part flexion is required for the Hughston method? | 55 degrees |
| How much part flexion is required for the Settegast method? | 90 degrees |
| What type of CR angle is required for the superoinferior sitting tangential method for the patella? | None-CR is perpendicular to the IR |
| How much knee flexion is required for the horizontal beam lateral patella projection? | None |
| What method can be performed using a wheelchair or lowered radiographic table? | Holmblad Method (Variation) |
| What method requires the patient prone; 90 degree knee flexion | Settegast Method |
| What method requires the patient prone with 40 to 50 degree knee flexion and with equal 40 to 50 degree caudad CR angle? | Camp-Coventry Method |
| Which method has the IR placed on a foot stool to minimize OID? | Hobbs Modification |
| What method requires the patient to be supine with the cassette resting at midthighs? | Inferosuperior for patellofemoral joint |
| What method requires the patient to be supine with 40 degree knee flexion and with 30 degree caudad CR angle from horizontal? | Merchant Method |
| Which special projection of the knee should be performed erect? | Rosenberg method |
Created by:
lorperkins
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