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Mental Health/Psych
Grieving
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Grief | Refers to the subjective emotions and affect that are a normal response to the experience of loss |
| Grieving (bereavement) | Refers to the process by which a person experiences the grief. Not only involves the content of what a person thinks, says and feels, but also the process of how a person thinks, says and feels |
| Anticipatory Grieving | When people facing an iminent loss begin to grapple with the very real possibility of the loss or death in the near future |
| Mourning | Outward expression of grief |
| Rituals of mourning | Having a wake, sitting Shiva, holding religious ceremonies and arranging funerals |
| Types of losses | physiologic loss, safety loss, loss of security and sense of belonging, loss of self-esteem, loss related to self-actualization |
| Physiologic loss | An amputation of a limb, mastectomy or hysterectomy or loss of mobility |
| Safety loss | Loss of a safe environment evident in domestic violence, child abuse or public violence. Feeling of safety shattered when violence occurs in home, on campus or a holy place |
| Loss of security and a sense of belonging | Loss of a loved one affects the need to love and the feeling of being loved. Loss accompanies changes in relationships such as birth, marriage, divorce, illness, and death; a person may lose roles within a family or group |
| Loss of self-esteem | Any change in how a person is valued at work or in relationships or by himself or herself can threaten self-esteem. Death of a loved one, broken relationship, loss of a job, retirement |
| Loss related to self-actualization | External or internal crisis that blocks or inhibits strivings toward fulfillment may threaten personal goals and individual potential. Losses a person will grieve |
| Kubler-Ross's Five stages of Grieving | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance |
| Denial | Shock and disbelief regarding the loss |
| Anger | May be expressed toward God, relatives, friends, or health-care providers |
| Bargaining | Occurs when the person asks God or fate for more time to delay the inevitable loss |
| Depression | Results when awareness of the loss becomes acute |
| Acceptance | Occurs when the person shows evidence of coming to terms with death |
| Bowlby's Phases of Grieving (Part 1) | Experiencing numbness & denying the loss, Emotionally yearning for the lost loved one & protesting the permanence of the loss, |
| Bowlby's Phases of Grieving (Part 2) | Experiencing cognitive disorganization & emotional despair w/ difficulty functioning in the everyday world. Reorganizing & reintegrating the sense of self to pull life back together. |
| Engel's Stages of Grieving | Shock and disbelief, Developing Awareness, Restitution, Resolution of the loss, Recovery |
| Horowitz's Stages of Loss and Adaptation | Outcry, Denial and Intrusion, Working through, Completion |
| Tasks of Grieving: Rando's Six "R's" | Recognize, React, Recollect, Relinquish, Readjust, Reinvest |
| Worden's Tasks | Accepting the reality of the loss, Working through the pain of grief, Adjusting to an environment that has changed because of the loss, Emotionally relocating that which has been lost and moving on with life |
| Cognitive Responses to Grief | The pain that accompanies grieving results from a disturbance in the person's beliefs |
| Emotional Responses to Grief | Anger, sadness and anxiety are the predominant emotional responses to loss |
| Spiritual Responses to Grief | Spirituality is the values belief systems that sustain central components to life and spiritual response to grief |
| Physiologic Responses to Grief | The grieving may complain of insomnia, headaches, impaired appetite, weigh loss, lack of energy, palpitations, indigestion, and changes in immune and endocrine systems |
| Disenfranchised Grief | Grief over a loss that is not or cannot be acknowledged openly, mourned publicly, or supported socially. |
| Complicated Grieving | Occurring when a person is void of emotion, grieves for prolonged periods, or has expressions of grief that seem disproportionate to the event. Emotional responses may be suppressed or obsessively preoccupied with deceased person or lost object |
| Characteristics of Susceptibility | Personalities, emotional states, or situations make some people susceptible to complications during the grief process |
| Ambivalent attachment | at least one partner is unclear about how the couple loves or does not love each other |
| Dependent attachment | one partner relies on the other to provide for his or her needs without necessarily meeting the partner's needs |
| Insecure attachment | usually forms during childhood, especially if a child has learned fear and helplessness |
| Factors that increase risk for complicated grieving | Death of a spouse or child, death of a parent, sudden, unexpected and untimely death, multiple deaths, death by suicide or murder. Sudden and violent losses are more likely to lead to prolonged or complicated grief |
| Complicated grief: Physiologic reactions | impaired immune system, increased adrenocortical activity, increased levels of serum prolactin and growth hormone, psychosomatic disorders, and increased mortality from heart disease |
| Emotional reactions | depression, anxiety or panic disorders, delayed or inhibited grief and chronic grief |
| Three critical components in assessment (grieving) | Adequate perception regarding loss; Adequate Support while grieving for the loss; Adequate Coping Behaviors during the process |
| Cognitive responses | Connected significantly with the intense emotional turmoil that accompanies grieving |
| Promoting of Coping Behaviors #1 | Explore client's perception and meaning of loss, Allow adaptive denial, Encourage or assist client to reach out for support, encourage client to examine patterns of coping in past and present. |
| Promoting of Coping Behaviors #2 | Encourage client to review personal strengths and personal power, Encourage client to care for himself or herself, Offer client food without pressure to eat |
Created by:
JennG2017
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