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Unit 6
Ch 13 & 14 Growing West & Industrialized East
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Push/pull factors | reasons people leave an area and reasons people move into another location(in example-overcrowding of East and gold in the West) |
| Homestead Act | passed by Congress in 1862 provided 160 acres of land to citizens willing to go west and live on the land for 5 years |
| long drive | movement of longhorn cattle from Texas ranches north with cowboys often lasting 3 months |
| range wars | pockets of violence between cowboys and farmers as the open range was turned into farmland |
| transcontinental railroad | country connected by railroad for the first time when two lines met at Promontory Point, Utah |
| sod houses | homes on the Great Plains constructed by settlers out of sod as lumber was not available |
| Annie Oakley | known as Little Sure Shot because she was so talented with her guns |
| Calamity Jane | female sharpshooter and horsewoman |
| Billy the Kid | gunslinger of the West rumored to have killed a person for every year of his life |
| Wyatt Earp | famous lawman of Tombstone Arizona who was part of the famous shootout at the OK Corral |
| Jesse James | train and bank robber who was eventually killed by one of his own gang members who shot him in the back of the head for the reward money |
| Wild Bill Hickok | gunslinger who was killed while playing poker by being shot in the head (while holding what is now famously called the "deadman's hand") |
| Clara Brown | frontier woman who was born a slave but later grew rich in the laundry business in Colorado |
| Wounded Knee | last armed conflict between the Plains Indians and the US Army approximately 300 Sioux were killed |
| Battle of Little Bighorn | also known as Custer's Last Stand - 7th Cavalry was killed by Sioux (led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse) and Cheyenne |
| Battle of Washita | preceded the Battle of Little Big horn between the US Army led by Custer versus the Cheyenne led by Chief Black Kettle |
| Ghost Dance | movement designed to bring back the buffalo, old ways, and remove the whites |
| Americanization | process designed to assimilate Indian children into white society by stripping them of their culture in boarding schools |
| Dawes Act | instead of tribal ownership of land, this piece of legislation provided each tribal member with 160 acres |
| US- Dakota War | violence in Minnesota between Dakota Indians and white settlers, in the end 38 Dakota men were executed at Mankato in the largest mass execution in American history |
| Populism | Political movement of the people, designed to make far reaching changes with political power |
| the Grange | began as a social outlet for farmers but grew into a political movement against railroad abuses |
| Rockefeller | Created Standard Oil Company and controlled 90% of the oil refining business in America. He used secret deals and buyouts to cut out the competition. |
| Vanderbilt | made millions in the railroad industry |
| Marry Harris Jones | advocate for coal miners and children |
| Interstate Commerce Act | Act of 1887 that allowed the federal government to supervise railroad activities |
| American Federation of Labor | Labor Union of skilled laborers who used collective bargaining to negotiate better wages and working conditions led by Samuel Gompers |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade |
| William Jennings Bryan | Populist Party Presidential nominee in 1896 |
| George Pullman | owned a factory and town for his employees, site of an ugly strike in 1894 |
| Social Darwinism | the philosophy that tried to explain why some are rich and some poor, helped to justify the rich getter richer |
| Central Pacific Railroad | part of the transcontinental railroad that had to blast through the Sierra Nevada Mountains and used immigrants from China as a labor force |
| cowboys | had a dangerous job controlling thousands of head of longhorn cattle, greatest fear was a stampede which could result in being knocked off your horse and dragged to death |
| Great Plains | area that stretched from Canada all the way to Texas and was home to many tribes, this area was greatly changed by westward pioneers |
| why was life on the Plains difficult | prairie madness (isolation and depression), drought, prairie fires, blizzards, hail, grasshopper plagues, tornadoes, etc |
| Crazy Horse | greatly respected warrior of the Sioux nation whose likeness is being carved into a mountain monument in South Dakota |
| 2 factors MOST responsible for settlement of the West | homestead act and western growth of railroads |
| Plains Indians | generic term for several tribes that lived throughout the Great Plains (Sioux, Cheyenne, Comanche) |
| counting coup | Plains Indians act done in battle and considered very brave where a warrior would touch a living enemy and escaped unharmed |
| buffalo hunting | the popularity and money of the sport of buffalo hunting drove the herds almost to extinction |
Created by:
ndouvier
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