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APUSH Final Ch1-15
ap us history final review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the relationship between the native americans and the early European colonies. | Spanish dominated them with diseases. Europeans were feared by the natives and were avoided and they eventually pushed the natives westward. |
| What caused a major decline in native population when Europeans first settled in the Americas? | Disease. The natives did not have immunites to European diseases and were decimated. |
| Why were the early European colonists unsuccessful in using the Native populations as a labor source? | Because of the diseases that the natives were getting and because the natives knew the land and could easily escape (why african slaves were more successful) |
| Who was Bartolome de Las Casas? Who did he write to about the horrors he witnessed in the New World? | He was a Spanish monk and humanitarian. He wrote to the king and queen of Spain detailing the harsh treatment of the natives in the Americas, hoping for a change. |
| What major struggle did the colony of Jamestown face in their early years? | The Starving Time (famine and disease nearly destroyed the colony) |
| Even though the colony of Jamestown struggled, it was ultimately successful. Why? | It was re-supplied by England, and eventually learned to farm tobacco, which became wildly popular in Europe so Jamestown became successful economically. |
| What is the First Great Awakening? | Revival of protestant evangelism in the colonies/ spread of religion |
| Name 2 preachers who were part of the First Great Awakening. | Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield |
| What type of Christianity grew during the First Great Awakening? | Protestantism |
| Who was Anne Hutchinson and what role did she play in her community? | Female preacher and religious leader |
| What did the trail of Hutchinson prove about early colonial challenges? | Non-conformity is not acceptable in the early colonies (people like Hutchinson challenged the norm anyway) |
| Why did most of the earliest British colonies remain close to the coastline of North America? | For trade with Great Britain and Europe (the basis of the majority of their economy) |
| In what ways could the French and Indian War be considered the turning point leading to the American Revolution? | change in British policies (enforcement of the Navigation Acts, Proclamation line of 1763), new taxes to pay war debt (Sugar, Molasses, Stamp Act; etc.), British began to occupy the colonie, and realization of cultural differences between the two |
| What was the Stamp Act and why did it anger the colonists? | Stamp Act was tax on paper goods (legal documents, playing cards, etc.) and it affected nearly everyone |
| Who directly spoke against the Stamp Act in the House of Burgesses? | Patrick Henry |
| What argument did the Stamp Act Congress make to the king? | No taxation without representation |
| What was the result of the arguments Thomas Paine made in his pamphlet "Common Sense"? | It emboldened the revolutionary ideals and prompted the Declaration of Independance |
| What European movement inspired Paine and his writings? | the Enlightenment |
| When the framers wrote the Articles of Confederation, why did they make the national government so weak? | They made the national government so weak to avoid the reestablishment of a tyrannical ruling system |
| What was the result of Shay's Rebellion? | It pointed out the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and highlighted the need for a stronger central government for the new U.S. |
| When the framers drafted the U.S. Constitution, who did they give the majority of the power to? | the people |
| While the ratification of the Constitution was a win for the Federalists, the Antifederalists were successful by including the ______________. | Bill of Rights |
| Which representative body in the U.S. government was originally elected directly by the people? | House of Representatives |
| What three things did Washington warn about when he announced he would not be seeking a third term as president? | 1)Foreign entanglements/alliances 2)political parties 3)debt |
| What foreign issue did Washington have to deal with during his presidency? | French Revolution |
| What political group was largely against Washington's policy in the French Revolution? | Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson) |
| What was the Lowell System? | Factory system based in Massachusetts (textile industry). Primary labor source was unmarried women. |
| In what ways were American factories superior to European ones? | American factories had better working conditions and better machines (steam engine) |
| How did industrialization impact population patterns? | People moved from rural areas to urban areas (growth of cities) |
| How was the Lowell System a step forward for the role of women? | The Lowell System provided a first taste of independence from/away from parents without moving to the control of a husband. They made their own money and controlled their own free-time. |
| What issues in Europe between 1820-1860 lead to increased immigration to America? | political turmoil, famine, and economic depression, also increasing opportunities for jobs in U.S. |
| What political party and ideology was a result of increased immigration in the period between 1820-1860? | Know-Nothings- nativist ideology, idea that "original white Americans" have more rights than immigrants or "new" Americans |
| What is manifest destiny and how does race relate to this concept? | manifest destiny- god-given right to spread across the north american continent, related to race issues with Free Soil Movement (no black people) and the potential spread of slavery |
| What resulted from the massive land gains made by the U.S. during the period of the manifest destiny? | increasing sectional tensions between the North and South, ultimately the Civil War |
| What is the Compromise of 1850? How successful was it? Explain. | California became a free state and Slave trade ended in Washington D.C. and Fugitive Slave Act was enacted. It was not very successful considering Bleeding Kansas and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. |
| What was the Fugitive Slave Act? | The Fugitive Slave Act required free states to return runaway slaves. Black people had no right to sue for protection against being returned even if they were originally free. |
| How did the stipulations of the Compromise of 1850 affect the abolition movement? | the Compromise of 1850 emboldened the abolition movement and gained support for abolition (because of Fugitive Slave Act). The end of the slave trade in D.C. was a minor win for the abolition movement. |
| Why did the system of slavery grow rather than decrease in the 1700s? | Cotton Gin- made growing and selling cotton easier, and the north depended on crops from the south |
| In what ways could the Mexican-American War be considered the turning point leading to the American Civil War? | There was a gain of land which increased sectional tension and raised issues that forced the Civil War. |
| Following the Civil War, what was the primary concern of the national government? | After the Civil War, the primary concern of the national government was the reunification of the North and South and the role of free black people in American society. |
| How did the jobs of slaves change once they were free? | Slavery was replaced with sharecropping, the jobs of former slaves did not change very much. was the allowance of black people of the opportunity to make money and some expansions of freedom (election of several black representatives) but was very limited |
| Why did the Republican Party have trouble gaining traction in the South following the Civil War? | There was much opposition in the South, so it was difficult to push the Reconstruction agenda |
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