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Intrapartum:
Therapeutic procedures during labor and birth
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is amnioinfusion? | NS or LR solution into the amniotic cavity? |
What are indications for amnioinfusion? | Oligohydramnios, fetal cord compression (secondary to macrosomia), and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. |
What is amniotomy? | AROM |
What is external cephalic version (ECV)? | Attempt to put a malpositioned fetus into normal vertex cephalic presentation. |
What are contraindications for ECV? | previous c-section, cephalopelvic disproportion, oligohydramnios, placenta previa |
What diagnostic procedure is done before ECV? | ultrasound scanning |
What is Bishop score? | determine maternal readiness for labor by rating: cervical dilation, effacement, consistency, position; and station of presenting part |
What Bishop score indicates labor readiness? | - 9 or more for nullipara - 5 or more for multipara |
What is cervical ripening? | chemical or mechanical methods to promote cervical readiness for labor. |
What are chemical agents applied to cervix for ripening? | Prostaglandin gel: Cytotec, Cervidil, Prepidil |
What are mechanical methods for cervical ripening? | Insertion of balloon catheters, dilators, and sponges |
What is induction of labor? | deliberate initiation of contractions to stimulate labor. |
What are indications for labor induction? | postterm pregnancy, dystocia, Prolonged ROM, maternal complications, fetal demise, chorioamnionitis |
What is augmentation of labor? | stimulation of hypotonic contractions once labor has spontaneously begun. |
What is episiotomy? | incision made into perineum to enlarge vaginal opening. |
What are risk factors associated with vacuum-assisted births? | cephalohematoma,subdural hematoma, scalp lacerations, maternal lacerations. |
What are risk factors associated with forceps-assisted birth? | maternal laceration, bladder injury, baby facial bruising and nerve palsy. |
What is cesarean birth? | birth through abdominal and uterine incision. |
What is VBAC? | Patient who delivers vaginally after having previous c-section. |