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What is a preterm infant?
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What is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
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Newborn Care:
Management of newborn complications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a preterm infant? | One who is born 20-37 weeks. |
| What is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? | decreased surfactant in alveoli regardless of birth weight. |
| What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)? | stiff and noncompliant lungs leading to mechanical ventilation & O2. |
| What is retinopathy of prematurity? | abnormal growth of retinal blood vessels, usually linked with O2 administration in neonate. |
| What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? | occurs when ductus arteriosus reopens after birth due to neonatal hypoxia. |
| What is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)? | inflammatory dz of GI mucosa d/t ischemia. |
| What are some s/s of preterm infant? | periodic breathing, lanugo, minimal creases on soles and palms, heels movable to ears, hypotonic muscles |
| The main priority in treating preterm newborns is supporting what systems? | cardiac and respiratory systems |
| What is surfactant? | a phospholipid that helps in alveoli expansion. |
| What are factors that can accelerate lung maturation in fetus while in utero? | increased GA, intrauterine stress, exogenous steroid use, ROM |
| What is a postterm infant? | one who is born after 42 weeks/ |
| What is true? | postmature infant can be SGA or LGA. |
| What are some s/s of postterm infant? | thin loose dry cracked skin, meconium stained fingernails, hypoglycemia, macrosomia, s/s of cold stress |
| What is large gestational age (LGA)? | neonate... - >90th % or - >4000g (8lb.12oz.) |
| What are two leading factors of LGA? | postterm infants and maternal DM |
| What are nursing interventions for LGA neonate? | - early and frequent heel sticks - early feedings to maintain glucose levels - thermoregulation |
| What is neonate hypogylcemia? | - <40 mg/dL in term - <25 mg/dL in preterm |
| Hypoglycemia can lead to what if left untreated? | mental retardation |
| What are s/s of neonate hypoglycemia? | poor feeding, jitterness, hypothermia, sweating, weak cry, lethargy |
| What is small for gestational age (SGA)? | neonate at or below 10th % of weight. |
| What are some s/s of SGA/IUGR? | drawn abdomen, sparse scalp hair, wide skull sutures, wide-eyed and alert |
| What is hyperbilirubinemia? | elevated serum bilirubin levels --> jaundice |
| What is physiologic jaundice? | normal, signs of jaundice after 24 hr of age. |
| What is pathologic jaundice? | appears before 24 hr of age, persistent after 7 days, bilirubin levels peak >13 mg/dL |
| What are two common factors for pathologic jaundice? | Rh or ABO incompatabiltiy and infection |
| What does the Direct Coombs' test reveal? | reveals the presence of antibody-coated Rh+ RBCs in newborn. |
| What is primary treatment of hyperbilirubinemia? | phototherapy |
| What is kernicterus? | bilirubin levels >24 mg/dL that affects the brain |
| What are side effects of phototherapy? | bronze discoloration, skin rash, pressure areas, dehydration, elevated temperature |
| What are nursing interventions for hyperbilirubinemia? | early and frequent feeding, eye mask, keep newborn undressed, no lotion or ointments, reposition q 2 hr, remove newborn from phototherapy q 4 hr and unmasking and checking for inflammation or injury. |
| What is tracheoespophageal atresia? | failure of espophagus to connect to stomach. |
| What are s/s of tracheoespophageal atresia? | excessive mucous secretions, drooling, periodic cyanotic episodes, immediate regurgitation after birth |
| What is phenylketonuria (PKU)? | inability to metabolize amino acid phenylalanine |
| What is galactosemia? | inability to metabolize galactose into glucoseq |
| What is hypothyroidism? | slow metabolism caused by maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy. |
| What is spina bifida? | neural tube defect and may have protrusion of meninges and/or spinal cord. |
| What are nursing interventions for spina bifida? | - protect membrane with sterile covering - observe for CSF - position in prone or side lying - assess for ICP |
| What is tetralogy of Fallot? | cyanotic heart defect characterized by VSD, overrriding aortic valve, pulmonary valve stenosis, rt ventricular hypertrophy. |
| What are nursing interventions for tetralogy of Fallot? | - conserve infant's energy - give feedings with special nipple - elevate head and shoulders - place in knee-chest position during resp distress |
| What is patent ductus arteriosus? | noncyanotic heart defect in which ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. |
| What are some s/s of birth injuries? | subarachnoid hemorrhage, facial paralysis, joint dislocations, soft tissue injuries |
| What three areas does neonatal abstinence scoring system assess? | 1. CNS 2. metabolic, vasomotor, and respiratory 3. GI |
| What are some nursing interventions for neonatal substance withdrawal? | - reducing external stimulation - swaddling - frequent small feedings - have suction available |
| What is suspected if newborn has continuous high-pitched crying? | neonatal withdrawal syndrome |
| What is hydrocephalus? | excessive spinal fluid in brain --> bulging fontanels, sunsetting |
| What are nursing interventions for hydrocephalus? | - frequently reposition head to prevent sores - measure head circumference daily - assess for signs of ICP |
Created by:
odbal24
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