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History Midterm Exam
hope I don't fail
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where did the first Americans come from? | north eastern coast of Asia crossed a land bridge, the Bering Strait |
| What was the effect of Europeans on Native American life? | took land, spread diseases, enslaved them, and used them to learn techniques about living on the land |
| What was the effect of agriculture on Native American population? | populations grew quickly |
| Location of British colonies in North America | east coast |
| Location of Spanish colonies in North/South America | mexico, florida, southwestern pacific coast regions |
| Purpose of Missionaries | convert Native Americans to christianity |
| Significance of Jamestown | 1st european settlement in america |
| Parts of the Great Compromise | senate would have equal representation, house would be by population, slaves were 3/5 of a person |
| Effect of slave revolts on southern slave owners | thought they were losing control of the slaves and started using harsher punishment |
| Which colony region has the most religious freedom(middle, New England, southern)? | middle |
| Cause and effect of taxes on British colonies | cause: French American war effect: colonies were upset and revolted |
| What did the Northwest Ordinance provide? | directions on how territories should be governed and how they became full fledged states |
| Why were the Articles of Confederation a failure | didn't give the national gov. enough power |
| Antifederalists beliefs | didn't like the constitution b/c the national gov. had too much power |
| Effect of the election of 1860 | SC seceded from the Union other southern states followed, Confederacy was formeed |
| What was the Dawes Act? | 1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots, encouraged the NAs to be absorbed into American society |
| What was the Pendleton Act? | law that created a civil service system for the federal gov. in an attempt to hire employees on a merit system, ppl. who wanted to work for the gov. had to take an exam |
| What was the Federal Reserve Act? | 1913 law the place national banks under to control of a Federal Reserve Board, the board runs regionals banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, set interest rates and supervises commercial banks |
| What was the Clayton Antitrust Act? | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by spelling out activities businesses could not engage in |
| What was the Sherman Antitrust Act? | 1890 law that outlawed mergers and monopolies |
| What was the American Federation of Labor? | labor union that organized skilled workers in a specific trade and focused on specific workers' issues rather than broad issues |
| What was the purpose of the Populist Party? | to advocate a larger money supply and other economic reforms |
| What was the WCTU? | women's christian temperance movement, thought alcohol was bad and that is should be illegal |
| What was the NAWSA? | national american woman suffrage association worked on the state and national level to earn women the right to vote |
| What was the NAACP? | national association for the advancement of colored people worked to abolish segregation and discrimination and achieve political and civil rights for AAs |
| What was the Square Deal? | Teddy Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep to the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
| What was the Knights of Labor? | labor union that sought to organized all workers and focused on broad social reforms |
| Push and Pull factors of immigration(know the difference and examples) | push: away from country pull: toward another country push: religious persecution and mandatory military service pull: available jobs and the promise of greater political and religious freedom |
| Benefit of elevated railroads and electric lights for urban areas | allowed cities to expand, lit up streets at night so it was safer, kept travel off the dirty roads |
| Middle Class activities during the Gilded Age | amusement parks |
| Cause of conflict between ranchers and railroad owners | railroad owners were charging too much for the ranchers supplies to be shipped |
| Why did segregation rise during the Progressive Era? | theories said AAs were less intelligent used the theories to pass laws that limited the AAs |
| What did the Naturalist novels do? | Exposed the struggles and conditions of industries. |
| What did The Jungle expose? | terrible working conditions in the meatpacking industry |
| What reforms did the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire tragedy create? | Tragedy reforms such as fire protection, fire inspection, fire equipment, escape routes |
| What did Progressive women try to accomplish? | Women's suffrage |
| What was the 19th amendment to the Constitution? | Women's Suffrage |
| Who worked to create the National Association of Colored Women? | Ida B Wells |
| What was the Muller vs. Oregon decision? | Woman would be put in class of there own with law only for them(working hours). Supreme court agreed long working hour would harm woman and their families. |
| What was the goal of the Americanization Movement? | To Americanize immigrants and teach them how to speak engilsh, encouraged them to eat american foods and wanted them to have a protestant work ethic |
| What led to the formation of the NAACP? | 1908 Springfield Riot |
| Purpose of the Anti-Defamation League | To Protect jews from verbal and physical injustices |
| What did the 1913 California law for Japanese-Americans to do? | made them sell their land |
| Goal of the Women's Christian Temperance Union | Banned alcohol |
| What did U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry do in 1853? | Opened trade with Japan |
| How and when was Hawaii annexed | 1898- William McKinley and Congress proclaimed Hawaii as US territory to use for their natural resources. |
| Why did U.S. Commodore George Dewey lead his ships into Manila Bay during the Spanish-American war? | Lead ships there in order to engage spanish they fought spanish and naval station |
| Who were the "Rough Riders" and who led them? | Enlisted cowboys and college men led by Teddy Roosevelt |
| When did the Philippines finally gain independence? Why did it take so long? | 1946-US didn't think Philippians was able to be independent, finally became independent because of Jones Act |
| What policy did the US want regarding trade in China that was unlike the European beliefs? | Open Door policies |
| What was the Platt Amendment? | vRisted rights of cubans, brought cuba into US sphere of influence, cuba cant sign treaties, cuba leases navy rights US can intervene to preserve order. |
| Why did President Roosevelt support Panamanian rebels in their revolt against Columbia? | So that we would be given permission to the "canal zone" to build the panama canal |
| What is an extractive economy? | When raw materials form on colony are taken to the main county( cheaper for big country) |
| Why did the US want overseas territories? | they wanted to have a place to sell their goods |
| Why did some call the purchase of Alaska "Seward's Folly"? | It was a non-beneficial to the US and was a frozen wasteland 20 millions miles away |
| What territories were involved in the 1898 Treaty of Paris? | Cuba |
| What was Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy? | Depended strongly on military to achieve goals and act boldly in risky situations. |
| How did the US get access to the Canal Zone in Panama? | helping Panama gain independence from Columbia |
| What is "Moral Diplomacy"? | Woodrow Wilson statement that said the US would not force influence in the world but would instead work to promote human rights |
| Who led Mexico as a dictator for decades before Civil War broke out? | Porfirio Diez |
| What did Social Darwinists believe? | believed that certain races or nations were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them |
| What countries were part of the Triple Alliance during WWI? | Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy |
| What countries were part of the Triple Entente during WWI? | France, Russia, and Great Britain. |
| Who was responsible for the agriculture policies of the US during WWI? | Herbert Hoover |
| What organization promoted support for the war among the people in the US during WWI? | the Committee on Public Information |
| What were the main reasons Germany surrendered during WWI? | German soldiers were not willing to fight, there were too many casualties. |
| What was the purpose of convoys during WWI? | Protect merchant ships and their products |
| What was the League of Nations? | Italy, Japan, and Germany. Promote world peace but was greatly weakened by the refusal of the US to join. |
| Who were Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti? | Two Italian immigrants were falsely charged with murder and put to death by electric chair because of the fear of immigrants (communists) at that time |
| Why did President Wilson want the US to stay neutral in WWI? | The nation's ethnic diversity. |
| What events caused people in the US to turn against Germany and support US entry into WWI against Germany? | The zimmerman not and unrestricted submarine warfare |
| What was the Sedition Act and what effect did it have? | Made it illegal for any person to critique the gov. in any way. Made it legal for the persecution of critics. Effect- limited freedom of speech. |
| How did WWI change to lives of American women | They became more active in the work force |
| How did WWI contribute to the Great Migration? | Created more jobs in the north because of the war effort |
| What happened to farm incomes as the 1920s progressed? | They decreased |
| Where was discrimination the worst for African Americans in the 1920s/1930s? | South, Jim Crows laws |
| How did Prohibition contribute to the growth of organized crime? What amendment was it and what amendment repealed it? | Made it easier for bootleggers to engage in other types of illegal activities. Repealed in the 21 amendment. |
| What did Marcus Garvey believe? Why did his movement fall apart? | Supported AA rights and there was no leader for the movement after he was deported |
| What was a major result of Henry Ford's innovative manufacturing techniques? | Sale price of automobiles decreased |
| What was the Scopes Monkey Trial a clash between? | Religion and science |
| The American movie industry was controlled by a handful of huge studios in | Hollywood, California |
| Describe how successful, or not, the radio was in the US | Very Successful |
| What was the "New Women" of the 1920s? | Rejected victorian morality |
| What was abstract art an expression of? | Modernism |
| What was "Jazz"? | Mix between european and african music styles. |
| What was the main focus of literature during the Harlem Renaissance? | Celebrate the joys and struggles of african americans at that time. |
| What was significance of Harlem? | African Americans had a voice |
| What group experienced an early depression in the 1920s? | Farmers |
| During the 1920s the US economy moved through which phase of the business cycle? | Expansion |
| Why did the Stock Market crash in 1929? | People bought stocks with borrowed money then stock prices rose and then the whole thing blew up |
| What event occurred on Black Tuesday? Describe in full detail | Stock prices fell so people frantically sold the stocks at any price 16 million shares were sold |
| Why did so many banks collapse at the beginning of the Great Depression? | Everyone rushed to the banks to withdraw money, but the banks only had so much money at the time, so they didn't have enough money for everyone to withdraw their money. |
| What was Hoover's policy of "volunteerism"? | People should solve the Great Depression and not the government |
| Why was FDR elected over Hoover in 1932? | Hoover was blamed for the Great Depression |
| What was the destination of most Dust Bowl migrants? | California- West |
| How did the uneven distribution of the nation's wealth lead to the depression? | The rich got richer and weren't spending enough money to stimulate the economy and the poor got poorer. |
| What event happened when the veteran groups marched in protest on Washington? | General MacArthur used tear gas, bayonets, and fire to drive the army out. |
| Why did groups, such as African Americans, have such a difficult time during the Great Depression? | Racism, they were first to lose their jobs and last to get a job |
| Why did the Bonus Army march on Washington, DC? | They wanted to receive their bonus check they were promised from the war. |
| What did Roosevelt and Congress pass the day after FDR's inauguration? | Emergency Banking Bill |
| Why did FDR create the Security and Exchange Commision (SEC)? | He wanted to reform the nation's bank or make them safer To regulate the stock market |
| What were the three goals of the New Deal? | Relief, Reform, and Recovery |
| Why was the American Liberty League (ALL) created? | Opposed the New Deal and was made of rich business people and politicians. |
| What did President Roosevelt introduce to help retirees? | Social Security |
| Workers being able to collectively bargain was part of what government action? | Wagner Act |
| Members of the ________ participated in a sit-down strike until General Motors agreed to recognize them | UAW |
| How did Eleanor Roosevelt show her support for minorities during the 1930s? | She sat with blacks during the meeting and she participated in protests against racial discrimination |
| What did FDR set aside 12 million acres of land for? | National Parks |
| How many terms did Roosevelt serve as president? | elected 4 served 3 |
| Who was a top swing musician? | Glenn Miller |
| What was a main source of entertainment for Americans during the Great Depression? | Movies |
| What was The Lone Ranger and The Shadow are example of? | Radio shows |
| What radio drama was so realistic that some people thought aliens were invading Earth? | War of the Worlds |
| What was a significant flaw of the Social Security Act? | It didn't apply to domestic or farm workers |
| What was the condition of America's economy following WWI? | Brief recession, followed by tremendous growth. |
| Effect of the Battle of Gettysburg | Turning point in the civil war |
| Effect of the Nullification Crisis | SC passed a law canceling a federal tariff Andrew Jackson responded by asking Congress to use federal troops |
| Effect of the Second Great Awakening | Prison reform was created, women's rights movement, abolishment of slavery, reform in education, and advancements in literature. |
| Why did Abolitionists want to end slavery? | they thought owning another person was morally wrong |
| Effect of the Mexican-American war | set the Rio Grande as the southern border for Texas, Us got California and other southwestern states |
| Effect of the Dred Scott decision | slaves couldn't sue the court, federal gov. couldn't ban slavery in any territory, Missouri Compromise was unconsitutional |
| What was the first state to secede from the Union? | South Carolina |
| Two major women active in the abolition movement | Harriet bea |
| Main goal of the Union in the Civil war | Not abolish slavery |
| Effect of the Emancipation Proclamation | freed the slaves |
| What did the south suffer shortages in during the American Civil War? | destroyed souths farms and resources, inflation, starvation |
| Effects of the Civil War | Slaves became free people, the south was no longer a confederacy, the south was is ruins, and many americans died |
| Effects of Radical Reconstruction | South divide into military districts, AA gained citizenship and voting rights, unionist restored, sharecropping new farming system, KKK and segregation form |
| Purpose of the KKK | To discriminate other cultures and races because certain people felt superior to them |
| Why was the 15th amendment passed? | It would obtain the vote of freed slaves. |
| What international event led to the Red Scare? | revolution in Russia where Vladimir Lenin made Russia a communist gov. |
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