Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Neuro Peds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What age do you do head circumference often. | 3 years and under |
| What is indicated when there is an absence of eye reflexes? | Neuro problem |
| Change in LOC | Early indicator of neuro problems |
| Five stages of consciousness | Full consciousness, confusion, obtunded, stupor, coma |
| Full consciousness | The child is awake and alert; is oriented to time, place, and person; and exhibits age appropriate behaviors |
| Confusion | Disorientation exists; the child may be alert but responds inappropriately to questions |
| Obtunded | The child has limited responses to the environment and falls asleep unless stimulation is provided |
| Stupor | The child only responds to vigorous stimulation |
| Coma | The child can not be aroused, even with painful stimuli |
| Glasgow Coma Scale Score | The lower the score the less responsive the child is. |
| Widened pulse pressure indicates what? | Increase intracranial pressure |
| Early signs of increased ICP | Headache, vomiting, blurred vision, diplopia, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiration, increased blood pressure and pulse pressure, pupil reaction time decreased and unequal, sunset eyes, changes in LOC (irritability), seizure activity |
| Late signs of increased ICP | Lowered LOC, decreased motor and sensory responses, bradycardia, irregular repirations, Cheyney Stokes respiration, decerebrate or decorticate posturing, fixed and dilated pupils |
| Positive Macewen sign (cracked pot) | Can indicate separation of sutures |
| Diazapam | Used to treat status epilecticus; does not like to be mixed well with anything |
| Phenotonin | Can cause gingiva dysplasia (hyperplasia), use a soft tooth brush and nonalcoholic mouth wash |
| Epilepsy diagnosis | Two or more unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart |
| Ketogenic diet | High fat, protein, and low carbs; ketosis state, mildly dehydrated, avoid sugary foods, wheat based products, all fruit, beans, lagoons, root veggies, condiments, mayo, alcohol |
| Postictal state | After seizure, very short and child is wore out |
| What to monitor during a seizure | Time started, how long, vital signs, cyanosis, and incontinence |
| What is a febrile seizure usually associated with? | Fever, usually a viral illness |
| Febrile seizures effect what age group | Younger than 5, peak incidence between 14-18 months |
| When is a febrile seizure rare? | Less than 6 months or older than 5 yrs |
| Who are febrile seizures more common in? | Boys |
| Neonatal seizures caused from what? | Underlying hypoxic ischemia encephalopathy, metabolic disorders, and intracranial hemorrhage |
| When do neonatal seizures normally occur? | With in the first 4 weeks of life |
| Anencephaly | Small or missing brain hemisphere, skull, and scalp; no forebrain or cerebral, brain tissue maybe exposed; incompatible with life, reflex actions only |
| Encephalocele | Protrusion of the brain and meninges through a skull defect; possible to have normal intelligence |
| What causes encephalocele to occur | Failure of the anterior portion of neural tube to close |
| Microcephaly | Head circumference more than three standard deviations below the mean for the age and see of the child; congenital or acquired within the first few years of life |
| Causes of congenital microcephaly | Abnormal development during gestation or intrauterine infection, chromosomal abnormalities |
| Cause of acquired microcephaly | Severe malnutrition, perinatal infection, anoxia during early infancy |
| Arnolds Chiara malformation type I | Deformitiy from cerebellar tonsils displacing upper cervical canal; Occurs in adolescence and adulthood, no hyrdrocephalus-more benign form |
| Arnolds Chiara malformation type I signs and symptoms | Headache, lower extremity spasticity, urinary frequency |
| Arnolds Chiara malformation type II | Deformity from cerebellum, the medulla oblongata, and forth ventricle displacing into the cervical canal, which causes obstruction of the CSF and leads to hydrocephalus |
| Hydrocephalus | Impaired absorption or circulation of the CSF |
| Types and classifications of hydrocephalus | Congenital and acquired; obstructive (noncommunicating) and non-obstructive (communicating) |
| Intracranial arteriovenous malformation | abnormal development of blood vessels in brain, brain stem, or spinal cord; hemorrhage can occur and leads to serious neurologic deficits and death |
| intracranial bleeding | bleeding out the nose, ears, and under the eyes |
| signs and symptoms of intracranial arteriovenious malformation | intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, headaches, progressive neurologic deficits, vision problems, loss of speech, problems with memory, and paralysis |
| Craniosynostosis | premature closure of cranial sutures; inhibits brain growth and causes distorted skull appearance |
| Positional Plagiocephaly | asymmetry in head shape without fused sutures |
| bacterial meningitis | infection of the meninges; can lead to brain damage, nerve damage, deafness, stroke, and death; rapid assessment and treatment needed |
| bacterial meningitis in newborns | caused by streptococcus, gram-negative enteric bacilli, and Listeria monocytogenes |
| bacterial meningitis in children | caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Bacterial meningitis nursing management | reducing fever and prevention |
| Aseptic meningitis | most common type for children younger than 1 year of age; usually viral, supportive treatment, self-limiting, 3-10 days |
| Aseptic meningitis signs and symptoms | fever, general malaise, headache, photophobia, poor feeding, nausea, vomiting, irritability, lethargy, neck pain, positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs |
| Encephalitis | inflammation of the brain and may include meninges |
| What causes encephalitis | protozoan, bacterial, fungal, and viral invasion; herpes simplex virus, enteroviruses, arthropodborne viruses |
| Reye syndrome signs and symptoms | severe and continual vomiting, changes in mental status, lethargy, irritability, confusion, hyperrelexia |
| Reye syndrome | Reye syndrome is a disease that primarily affects children younger than 15 years of age who are recovering from a viral illness;Reye syndrome is a reaction that is triggered by the use of salicylates or salicylate-containing products to treat a viral infe |
| medical treatment for neurologic disorders | shunt placement, ventilation, PT/OT/ST, external ventricular drainage, ventricular tap, vagal nerve stimulator, ketogenic diet |
| signs and symptoms of shunt infection | elevated vital signs, poor feeding, vomiting, decreased responsiveness, seizure activity, signs of local inflammation along the shunt tract |
| acute stroke in children signs and symptoms | weakness on one side of hemiplegia, facial droop, slurred speech, and speech deficits |
| signs and symptoms of spinal cord injury | inability to move or feel extremities, numbness, tingling, weakness |
| Positioning of a child with myelomenigocele | prone only, not on the back |
| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited conditions result in progressive muscle weakness and wasting |
| Muscular dystrophy types | mainly skeletal; nine types, Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | mutation-absence of dystrophin; X-linked recessive; rare to survive past early 30s |
| Spinal muscular dystrophy | genetic motor neuron disease; affects spinal nerves ability to communicate with the muscles |
| Lab tests for Spinal muscular dystrophy | creatine kinase (H), genetic testing (SMA gene), muscle biopsy, never conduction velocity and electromyelogram |
| Cerebral Palsy | Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a range of non-specific clinical symptoms characterized by abnormal motor pattern and postures caused by nonprogressive abnormal brain function; majority of causes occur before delivery |
| Signs and symptoms of Cerebral Palsy | motor impairment including spasticity, muscle weakness, and ataxia |
| complications of cerebral palsy | mental impairment, seizures, growth problems, impaired vision or hearing, abnormal sensation or perception, and hydrocephalus |
| Guillain-Barre' Syndrome | Guillain-Barré syndrome is an uncommon disorder in which an immune response within the body attacks the peripheral nervous system but does not usually affect the brain or spinal cord. |
| Guillain-Barre' Syndrome signs and symptoms | Guillain-Barré syndrome results in inflammation and demyelinization of the peripheral nerves. Physical examination findings may include decreased or absent tendon reflexes. Facial weakness or difficulty swallowing may also be present. |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Autoimmune inherited as a rare genetic disease; progressive weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles |
| Dermatomyositis | inflammation of the muscles or associated tissues; more frequent in girls between 5 and 14 years of age; |
| Dermatomyositis effects what? | skin, muscles, kidneys, retinas, GI tract |
| Botulism | Botulism is a disease that is caused by a toxin produced in the immature intestines of young children resulting from infection with the bacterium Clostridium botulinum |
| Signs and symptoms of botulism | constipation, poor feeding, listlessness, generalized weakness, and weak cry |
| True or False At birth, the cranial bones are not fused, leading to an increased risk for hemorrhage | False |
| True or false CT scans and MRIs are useful in the diagnosis of hemorrhages, infections, or obstructions | False |
| True or False Prematurity, difficult delivery, and infection during pregnancy are risk factors associated with neurologic disorders. | True |
| True or False Nursing interventions for a child with hydrocephalus include maintaining cerebral perfusion, administering intravenous antibiotics, and minimizing neurologic complications. | False |
| True or False A family teaching plan for a child with epilepsy should include instructions for responding to seizures for parents, family, teachers, and day care workers. | True |
| Neurological disorders result from__________ problems, infections, or traumas | congenitial |
| ________ agents are used in treatment of a confirmed case of aseptic meningitis. | Anitviral |
| Decorticate posturing occurs with damage of the cerebral ______. | cortex |
| A care plan for a child with neonatal seizures will include ensuring adequate __________, correcting any underlying metabolic disturbances, and administering anticonvulsant therapy. | Ventilation |
| The parents of children with chronic neurologic disorders will require large amounts of ________ and support throughout the child's lifetime. | education |
| True or False The hypotonic infant will feel rigid and display an extended trunk and legs. | False |
| True or False Neural tube defects account for the majority of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. | True |
| True or False Spina bifida occulta often goes undetected. | True |
| True or False Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited conditions. | True |
| True or False Dermatomyositis occurs more often in girls. | True |
| The newborn infant with myelomeningocele is at increased risk for acquiring meningitis, ______, and hemorrhage. | hypoxia |
| Guillain-Barre' Syndrome results in __________ and demyelinization of the peripheral nerves. | inflammation |
| Cerebral palsy is a disorder caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, the ______ areas of the brain. | motor |
| Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic motor neuron disease that affects the _____ nerves' ability to communicate with the muscles. | spinal |
| Treatment modalities to promote mobility include___________, pharmacologic management, and surgery. | physio-therapy |
Created by:
mlinger
Popular Nursing sets