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Pediatrics:
GU/ repro. disorders/ diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is hypospadias? | Malposition of the urethral opening behind the glans penis, along the ventral surface. |
| What is epispadias? | a condition in which the urethra is located on the upper surface of the penis. |
| What is cryptorchidism? | failure or one or both testicles to descend in scrotum. |
| What is enuresis? | uncontrolled urination, usually during sleep beyond age at which bladder control is achieved. |
| Enuresis has no clear etiology, but may be the result of kidneys' failure to do what? | Failure of kidneys to concentrate urine during sleep due to lack of ADH hormone. |
| What is false? | Enuresis is a behavioral problem and children should be punished for it. |
| What is treatment for hypospadias? | may use foreskin to create skin flap that reaches the tip of penis. |
| What is treatment for epispadias? | Lengthening of penis and urethra, and possibly reconstruction of bladder neck. |
| What is treatment for enuresis? | - conditioning therapy (wire pad w/ buzzer) - retention control training - medication therapy |
| What is hydrocele? | collection of fluid in scrotal sac. |
| What is true? | Cryptorchidism may cause testicular cancer later in life if not repaired. |
| What is urinary tract infection (UTI)? | refers to infection in any portion of the lower urinary tract |
| What is the most common UTI causative organism? | E.coli |
| What are the most accurate methods of getting urine culture in infants and toddlers? | - sterile catheterization - suprapubic aspiration in kids <2 (requires consent and done by MD). |
| How to prevent from getting UTI? | clean perineal from front to back, avoid bubble bath, wear cotton underwear, void when there is an urge, change bathing swimsuit immediately after swimming |
| What is glomerulonephritis? | immune complex dz --> inflammation of glomerular capillaries, usually after a strep.A infection |
| What are s/s of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)? | decrease GFR, hematuria (smoky or tea-colored), fluid retention, decreased UOP, proteinuria (3-4+), FVE symptoms, activity intolerance |
| What are diagnostic findings of AGN? | positive ASO titer and other antibodies; elevated WBC, serum BUN and creatinine |
| What is nephrotic syndrome? | a symptom complex with multiple and varied pathological manifestations (etiology--unknown). |
| What is nephrotic syndrome characterized by? | massive hyperlipidemia, edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia |
| What are s/s of nephrotic syndrome? | wt gain w/ poor appetite, edema, ascities, dark frothy decreased UOP, fatigue |
| What are diagnostic findings in nephrotic syndrome? | high proteinuria; elevated specific gravity, lipid level, cholesterol, Hgb/Hct/platelets, sodium, BUN, creatinine; decreased albumin |
| What is diet recommended for child with AGN? | lots of CHO and fats, restrict sodium if edema or HTN present |
| What is diet recommended for child with nephrotic syndrome? | usually protein is not restricted but possible low sodium diet |
| Why are corticosteroids used in treatment of nephrotic syndrome? | corticosteroids reduce edema and proteinuria |
Created by:
odbal24
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