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Senses
Ears, eyes, nose/smell, taste, and touch
| Terms | Definition & Functions |
|---|---|
| Eyes | enable sight of the surrounding environment. They respond to the stimulus of light and convert stimuli into impulses for the brain to interpret. They are found on the upper region of the face and have eyelids |
| Iris | is a circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye; also gives the eye its color. |
| Lens | is a flexible structure in the eye that focuses light; and its shape is adjusted by the attached muscles. |
| Cornea | is the first structure of the eye where light passes through. It is the clear tissue that covers the front of the eye. |
| Pupil | is the opening through which light enters the eye and is the black circular structure seen if you are looking at the eye. It can change size and is adjusted by muscles in the iris. |
| Retina | the layer of receptor cells that lines the back of the eye. There are two kinds of receptors: rods and cones. Cone cells work in bright light and enable sight of color. Rod cells work in dim light and enable you to see white, black, and shades of grey. |
| Optic Nerve | transfers visual information from the retina to the brain in electrical impulses. A nerve that consists of nerve cells and nerve fibers. It is located in the back of the eye. |
| Aqueous Humor/gel | supplies nutrients and nourishment to parts of the eye that lack blood supply. It is located in between the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It is a thin, watery fluid. |
| Vitreous Humor/gel | is a transparent substance in the eye that helps absorb shocks to the eye and keeps the retina properly connected to the back wall of the eye. Light passes through on its way to the retina. |
| Rod cells (number included) | one of two cells in the retina that are stimulated by light over intensities and are responsible for the size, shape, and brightness of images. They don't perceive color and fine detail. But are more sensitive to light. (130 million rods.) |
| Cone cells (number included) | is cells in the retina of the eye that function best in relatively bright light and allow color vision. They are for vision during the light of day to further color perception and the detection of finer detail by rod cells. (7 million cones.) |
| Nearsightedness | is the disadvantage of being able to see objects near you but having trouble with objects at a distance; occurs when the eyeball is too long, People wear glasses with concave lens |
| Farsightedness | is the disadvantage of being able to see objects at a distance but having trouble with the nearby objects; occurs when the eyeball is too short. People wear glasses with convex lens. |
| Ear | are the sense organs located on/in the face/head, that respond to the stimulus of sound and converts sounds to nerve impulses the brain interprets. |
| Pinna | is the outer ear or external part of the ear that collects sound and is the fleshy outer visible part of the ear, to clarify. |
| Auditory Canal | is a tube that connects the pinna, or fleshy outer visible part of the ear, and the eardrum; has two functions: helping the auditory process by funneling sound toward the eardrum and protecting the eardrum from injury. |
| Eardrum | separates the outer ear from the middle ear and is a membrane that vibrates when sound strikes it and is located at the end of the ear canal. |
| Malleus (ossicles) | is the outermost and largest of the three small bones in the middle ear. And transmits the electrical impulses from the eardrum to the incus, and then to the stapes. |
| Incus (ossicles) | lays at the center of the other ossicles, connecting the malleus to the stapes. Vibrations travel through the ear canal and beyond the eardrum then, to the cochlea, where sound is translated into CNS. |
| Stapes (ossicles) | The two branches, that convey sound vibrations to the bone's flat base. From there, the vibrations enter the inner ear, where it is processed into neural data to be transmitted to the brain by the cochlear and the auditory nerve. |
| Cochlea | is a snail-shaped tube that is lined with receptor cells that respond to sound. And is a membrane with fluid that stimulates the vibrations and receptors in the ears. |
| Auditory Nerve | is a bundle of nerve fibers that is found in the head and transmits information from the inner ear (cochlea) to the brain |
| Semicircular Canal | In your inner ear, is where the canals are located. They are structures in the ear that are responsible for the sense of balance. The canals and the tiny sacs behind them, are full of fluid and are lined with many cells with hairlike extensions. |
| Eustachian Tube | is a canal that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, which consists of the upper throat and the back of the nasal cavity. It controls the pressure within the middle ear, making it equal with the air pressure outside the body. |
| Nose | depends on chemicals in the air that trigger responses in the nasal cavities. The senses of smell and taste work together. It is located in the center of the face. |
| Olfactory nerve | Also known as CN1, this nerve relays sensory data to the brain, and it is responsible for the sense of smell. The nerve's olfactory receptors are located within the nasal cavity. |
| Taste | depends on chemicals in food or in the air. The chemicals trigger responses in the mouth. The flavor of food require responses of smells and tastes. And is determined by the many, small tastebuds that line the mouth. |
| Taste buds | Each has a pore that opens out to the surface of the tongue enabling molecules to be taken into the mouth to reach the receptor cells inside |
Created by:
AliD
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