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Science #1
Grades 5 to 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carnivore | a consumer that eats only or mostly animals (meat) |
| Commensalism | a relationship in which one kind of organism benefits and the other is not affected (no benefit, no harm) |
| Community | all the populations of organisms living in an ecosystem |
| Competition | the demand for a limited resource by two or more organisms. |
| Consumer | an organism that gets energy by eating other organisms |
| Cycle | a series of changes that happen over and over in the same way |
| Decomposer | an organism that gets energy by breaking down waste materials and dead organisms |
| Ecologist | a scientist who studies how living things interact with their environment. |
| Ecosystem | all the living and nonliving things in an area |
| Endangered Species | a group of living things that is in danger of disappearing, or becoming extinct |
| Energy | the ability to make things more or change (the ability to do work) |
| Extinct | no longer found living on Earth |
| Food Chain | a model that shows the path of energy as it flows from one living thing to another |
| Food Web | a model showing several food chains connected together |
| Habitat | the place where a plant or animal lives |
| Herbivore | a consumer that eats only or mostly plants |
| Interact | to come into contact with and affect one another |
| Mutualism | a relationship in which both organisms benefit |
| Omnivore | a consumer that eats both plants and animals (meat). |
| Parasitism | a relationship in which one kind of organism benefits, but the other is harmed |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use energy from sunlight to make their own food |
| Pollution | release of a harmful substance into the environment |
| Population | a group of organisms of the same kind that live in an ecosystem |
| Predator | an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food |
| Prey | an animal that is hunted and killed by other animals for food |
| Producer | an organism that makes its own food |
| Resource | something that a living thing needs to stay alive |
| Scavenger | a carnivore that eats animals that are already dead. (the animal was already dead when it found it) |
| Species | A group of organisms that can mate with each other to produce offspring, or young |
| Survive | To stay alive |
| Symbiosis | A close relationship between two different species, or kinds, of living things |
| System | A group of parts that work together |
| Threatened Species | A group of living things that is likely to become endangered soon |
| Organism | A living thing |
| Work | Done when a force causes an object to move in the same direction the force was applied |
| Formula for Work | Force x Distance |
| Units for Work | Joules |
| Units for Force | Newtons |
| Units for distance | Meters |
| Simple machines can | 1. They can change the amount of force required 2. They can change the distance the object has to move 3. They can change the direction (allowing you to work WITH gravity rather than against it) |
| 4 types of simple machines | lever pulley wheel and axle inclined plane |
| Lever | Reduces the force required |
| Pulley | Changes direction or amount of force required |
| Wheel and Axle | Increases force, but distance is decreased |
| Inclined Plane | Increase distance, but reduces the force required |
| Advantage of Simple Machines | Make work seem easier! |
| Disadvantage of Using Simple Machines | It increases the time to set up/use. |
| Mechanical Advantage of a ramp formula MA = slope/height How much force would be required to push a chair 22 m down the hall, doing a total of 88J of work? W= F x D | 88J = F x 22m F = 4N |
| What is the height of the table if the inclined plane has a mechanical advantage of 4 and the length of the slope is 24 m? MA= slope/height | 4 = 24m/h h = 6m |
| If a ramp has a mechanical advantage of 9, and it is 36 meters long, how high is it off of the ground? MA= slope/height | 9 = 36m/h h = 4m |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy due to an object’s position Amount of potential energy depends on height and mass of an object Higher elevation (height) = more potential energy More massive objects = more potential energy |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion Amount of kinetic energy depends on speed and mass of an object More speed an object has = more kinetic energy it has More massive objects = more kinetic energy |
| Energy transformation | When one form of energy changes or converts to another form |
| Example of Energy Transformation | Our bodies turn food into chemical energy |
| Thermal Energy | Heat lamp |
| Sound Energy | Bell or tuning fork |
| Mechanical Energy | Using a hammer |
| Electrical Energy | Light bulb or hybrid car |
| Chemical Energy | Battery acid or fossil fuels |
| Stored Mechanical Energy | Stretched rubber band |
| Light Energy | Lamp or stars |
| Solar Energy | Sun |
| Nuclear Energy | Power plant or submarine or bomb |
| Geothermal Energy | Volcanic eruption |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it simply changes form |
| Fundamental Traits of Living Things: | 1. Made of cell(s) 2. Has DNA 3. Able to reproduce 4. Grow & develop 5. Obtain & use energy 6. Respond to stimuli 7. Maintain homeostasis |
| Qualities of Earth that Enable it to Sustain Life | 1. Distance from the sun 2. Earth’s unique atmosphere 3. Presence of water 4. Gravitational pull |
| The sun fuels... | All life processes – all organisms get their energy from the sun somehow. |
| Lithosphere | Earth’s crust (soil, rocks, minerals) |
| Hydrosphere | Earth’s water |
| Atmosphere | Gases in the air |
| Biosphere | All living things |
| Functions of the Earth's Atmosphere | 1, Greenhouse Effec: the gases in the atmosphere absorb heat emitted by the sun which warms the atmosphere 2, Protection from meteors |
| Mass | Size of the object |
| Weight | Amount of force gravity has on an object |
| Objects with more mass have more... | Gravity |
| Without ______, photosynthesis we would not have oxygen and could not sustain life on Earth. | Water |
| Largest planet with a Giant Red Spot | Jupiter |
| Planet best known for its rings | Saturn |
| Planet closest to the sun | Mercury |
| The "Red Planet" | Mars |
| Planet often called "The Morning Star" | Venus |
| Who was the first to make extensive use of telescopes to study the heavens? | Galileo |
| Who developed the reflecting telescope | Newton |
| Who was the first human to walk on the moon? | Neil Armstrong |
| Who was America's first astronaut in space? | Alan Shepard |
| Who was the astronautical engineer who helped make the USA the leader in space exploration? | Werner Von Braun |
| "The Father of Modern Rocketry" | Robert Goddard |
| Who was the first American to orbit the earth? | John Glenn |
| Any object that orbits a larger object in space | Satellite |
| Light travels at __________miles per second. | 186,000 |
| How fast a wave oscillates | Frequency |
| Inner planets | Mercury. Venus, Earth, Mars |
| Outer planets | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| What was the first artificial object put into space? | Sputnik |
| What was the first spacecraft designed to be reused? | Space Shuttle |
| What space station is being developed by a group of 15+ nations? | International Space Station |
| What was placed into orbit by a space shutter to aid astronomers in their studies of space? | Hubble Space Telescope |
| Highest point of a wave | Crest |
| Lowest point of a wave | Trough |
Created by:
marybahner
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