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HBHI
1. Introduction to the Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The branch of science that studies the structure of the body | Anatomy |
| The branch of science that describes how the body works, or functions | Physiology |
| The branch of science that describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body parts | Pathophysiology |
| List the bodies levels of organization from simple to complex | Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ system, Organism |
| This system consists of skin and related structures such as hair and nails. | Intetgumentary system |
| List three functions of the integumentary system | Covers the body, helps regulate body temperature, and contains some of the structures necessary for sensation |
| This system forms the basic framework of the body and is made up of bones, joints, and cartilage | Skeletal system |
| List two functions of the skeletal system | Protects the body organs, and stores calcium |
| This system consists of three types of muscles | Muscular system |
| List two functions of the muscular system | Moves the skeleton and maintains body posture |
| This system consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs | Nervous system |
| These nerves receive information from the environment and bring it to the spinal cord and brain for interpretation | Sensory nerves |
| this system consists of numerous glands that secrete hormones and chemical substances that regulate body activities | Endocrine system |
| The body functions growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance are regulated by which body system | Endocrine system |
| This body system consists of the hear and the blood vessels | Circulatory system |
| This system consists of the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, and other lymphoid organs | Lymphatic system |
| This system consists of the lungs and the other structures that conduct air to and from the lungs | Respiratory system |
| This system consists of organs designed to eat foodk, break it down for absorption, and eliminate the waste | Digestive system |
| This system consists of the kidneys and other structures that help excrete waste product from the body via urine | Urinary system |
| This system consists of organs and structures that enable humans to reproduce | Reproductive system |
| This term refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing external environment | Homeostasis |
| Mechanisms that help maintain homeostasis are called ____________. | Homeostatic mechanisms |
| Diseases and disorders are the result of homeostatic __________. | Imbalance |
| This position is demonstrated with the body standing erect, with face forward, arms at the sides, and the toes and palms of the hands directed forward | Anatomical position |
| This relative position means that a part is above another part or is closer to the head | Superior |
| If a body part is located below another part or is closer to the feet it is said to be _______ | Inferior |
| The relative position that means towards the front surface (belly surface or ventral surface). | Anterior |
| Relative position that means toward the back surface | Posterior |
| Another word for posterior is _________ | Dorsal |
| Another word for anterior is _________ | Ventral |
| The relative position that means towards the midline | Medial |
| The relative position that means away from the midline of the body | Lateral |
| This term means that the structure is nearer the point of attachment | Proximal |
| Term that means a part is farther away from the point of attachment than is the other part | Distal |
| Relative position that meants that a part is located on or near the surface of the body | Superficial |
| This terms means the body part is away from the surface of the body | Deep |
| A part located in the center is said to be ________ | Central |
| A part located away from the center is said to be _____ | Peripheral |
| This plane divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions | Sagittal plane |
| This plane divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions | Frontal plane or Coronal plane |
| This plane divides the body horizontally, creating an upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portion | Transverse plane |
| Regional term for the anterior trunk just below the ribs | Abdominal |
| Regional term for the area in front of the elbow | Antecubital |
| Regional term for the armpit | Axillary |
| Regional term for the upper arm | Brachial |
| Regional term for the cheek area, specifically between the gum and cheek | Buccal |
| Regional term for the head | Cephalic |
| Regional term for the neck region | Cervical |
| Regional term that means nearer to the head | Cranial |
| Regional term that means fingers, toes | Digital |
| Regional term for the thigh area | Thigh |
| Regional term for the fleshy area along each side between the lower ribs and the top of the hip bones | Flank |
| Regional term for the area where the thigh meets the trunk of the body | Inguinal |
| Regional term for the mouth | Oral |
| Regional term for the area around the eye | Orbital |
| Regional term for the front of the knee | Patellar |
| Regional term for the foot | Pedal |
| Regional term for the genital area | Pubic |
| Regional term for the middle of the chest (over the breastbone area) | Sternal |
| Regional term for the navel | Umbilical |
| Regional term for being nearer to the lower region of the spinal column (near the tailbone) | Caudal |
| Regional term for the rounded area of the shoulder closest to the upper arm | Deltoid |
| Regional term for the buttocks | Gluteal |
| Regional term for the area of the back between the ribs and the hips | Lumbar |
| Regional term for the back of the head | Occipital |
| Regional term for behind, or back of, the knee area | Popliteal |
| Regional term for the shoulder blade area | Scapular |
| Another name for organs | Viscera |
| The cavity toward the back of the body is called the _______ | Dorsal cavity |
| The cavity toward the fron of the body is called the | Ventral cavity |
| The dorsal cavity can be divided into what two cavities? | Cranial and spinal (vertebral) cavity |
| The ventral cavity can be divided into what two main divisions | Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity |
| The space in the thoracic cavity that contains the hear, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland and large blood vessels attached to the heart is called the ___________ | Mediastinum |
| The right and left lungs are located on either side of the mediastinum in the ________ cavities | Pleural |
| The abdominopelvic cavity can be further divided into what two cavities | Abdominal and pelvic cavity |
| What organs are contained in the abdominal cavity? | Stomach, most of intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys |
| What organs are contained in the pelvic cavity? | Remainder of intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and internal parts of reproductive system |
| What four quadrants divide the abdominopelvic cavity | Right upper quadrant (RUQ), Left upper quandran (LUQ)\nRight lower quadrant (RLQ)\nLeft lower quadrant (LLQ) |
| Name the 9 regions that divide the abdominopelvic cavity | Right and left hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Right and Left lumbar region Umbilical region, Right and left iliac region, and hypogastric region |
| Name the four smaller cavities located in the head | oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities |
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jisrafil
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