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Geography #1
Grades 4 to 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| place | physical and human characteristics |
| location | relation to one another |
| human and environmental interaction | changes people have made anwill make in their environment |
| human movement | migrations and routes people take from one place to another |
| regions | what makes one area different than another |
| mental map | picturing places in relation to one another |
| agricultural geography | study of farming in different parts of the earth |
| Which country used collectivization in developments in the 1930s? | Soviet Union |
| What was the reason many European immigrants entered the USA during the early 20th century? | economic opportunity |
| What did the Pueblo peoples of the southwestern USA share with their first contact with Europeans? | cultivation of food crops through irrigation |
| Located on the Gulf of Guinea where West and Central Africa meet, Nigeria is bordered by Benin to the east, Niger to the north, and Cameroon to the west. | relative location of Nigeria |
| Where is there extensive economic integration among countries of the region, a rapidly aging population, and high level of urbanization? | Western Europe |
| What has been the major cause of the Earth's biological diversity in recent decades? | tropical deforestation |
| A Geographic Information System (GIS) provides information most similar to the information found in a(n) | atlas |
| What describes the nature of the relationship between human societies and the physical environment where they are located? | physical environment |
| biogeography | study of plants and animals in different geographic locations and climates |
| cartography | science of making maps |
| climatology | study of world climates |
| cultural geography | study of people and their ways of life in different parts of the world |
| geomorphology | study and measurement of landforms on the earth's surface and under water |
| historical geography | study of how geography affected historical events |
| industrial and marketing geography | study of how locations for businesses and factories and how particular locations can benefit or hurt them |
| meteorology | study of daily weather, including air temperature, precipitation, and winds |
| political geography | study of nations and states, including their natural habitats, cities, and farms, and populations |
| urban geography | study of how cities develop and how they work |
| geographically thinking | ability to think about places and their characteristics |
| Who was the first true geographer? | Thales from Greece |
| Who were the first people to theorize that the earth is round? | Greeks |
| One-half of the earth | hemisphere |
| How many hemispheres does Earth have? | 4 |
| What is the longitudinal measurement of the Prime Meridian? | 0 |
| The Prime Meridian passes through ________________, | Greenwich, England |
| Lines of longitude are also called ______________, | meridians |
| 180* from the Prime Meridian | International Date Line |
| Lines of latitude are also called ______________, | parallels |
| Which line of latitude has 0*? | Equator |
| 90* North of the Equator | North Pole |
| 90* South of the Equator | South Pole |
| 23*30'N | Tropic of Cancer |
| 23*30'S | Tropic of Capricorn |
| Which is true north--the geographic north or magnetic north? | geographic north |
| In which two hemispheres is the United States? | Northern and Western Hemispheres |
| Who was the first to measure the circumference of the earth? | Eratosthenes of Cyrene (280 to 200 B.C.) |
| Who wrote Geographia and located all the locations with longitude and latitude lines? | Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.) |
| The Earth's spin axis is tilted at ____*. | 23.5 |
| When is it winter in North America? | The Southern Hemisphere is angled toward the sun. |
| When is it summer in North America? | The Northern Hemisphere is angled toward the sun. |
| Conic Map Projection | Used for mapping a large piece of the earth's surface; it shows accurate distance, direction, and shape for the limited area mapped. |
| Interrupted Map Projection | Shows accurate area and shape. Oceans have open pie-shaped interruptions to adjust for distance. |
| Mercator Map Projection | Shows accurate direction, but land and water areas are gently distorted toward the north and south poles. |
| Polar Map Projection | Used for mapping hemispheres instead of the whole earth. |
| Robinson Map Projection | Accurately shows the shape and size of continents, but water areas are expanded to fill the extra space. |
| Natural features on maps | physical, atmospheric, and living features |
| Human-made features on maps | buildings, monuments, parks, roads, fields, and landfills |
| Who made the oldest maps that are still in existence? | Babylonians (4000 years ago) |
| charts | Maps of bodies of water used by sailors to navigate in open ocean water as well as fresh water |
| Relative Location Maps | Shows the position of a place in relation to other places |
| Distribution Maps | Shows how things are spread out across an area or throughout the world |
| Topographic Maps | Shows physical features and contour lines connecting equal levels of elevation |
| Cartograms | Diagrams drawn in mathematical proportions in a map format |
| Geographical Dictionary | Alphabetical lists of geographic names |
| Gazetteer | Alphabetical list of geographic features with latitude and longitude |
| Directional Arrow | Shows N,S, E, and W on a map |
| Compass Rose | Ornamental representation of the directional arrow |
| Map Index | List of place-names with coordinates of where these places can be found (D-2) |
| Map Symbols | Icons to indicate cities, capitals, roads, rivers, bridges, schools, hospitals, etc. |
| Map Title | Tells readers what the map is about |
| Coordinates | Set of points on a map that uses a grid (C-5) |
| Map Scale | Shows size of the map in relation to the actual size |
| Map Grid | Alphabetical letters go along the top and bottom while numbers run along the left and right margins. |
| Map Key or Legend | List of icons used on the map |
| Map Date | Tells when the map was made |
| When was the Earth formed? | 2.6 billion years ago |
| Two parts of the Earth's core | outer core and inner core |
| Outer core | Made up of molten rock |
| Inner core | Solid mass with a radius of 2100 miles |
| Mantle | Hot layer of the Earth between the crust and the outer core made of melted rock and about 1800 miles thick |
| Crust | Outer most layer of the Earth about 2 miles thick under the deepest parts of the oceans and up to 75 thick under mountains |
| Continents | Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America |
| Which 2 continents are sometimes combined? | Europe and Asia (Eurasia) |
| Tectonic Plates | Large pieces of Earth's crust that float above the mantle |
| Fault Lines | Occur along the edges where tectonic plates meet |
| Pangaea | Super continent 200 million years ago that contained all 7 continents |
| Continental Drift | Movement of the continents |
| Volcanoes | formed when magma rises through vents and passages in the earth's surface and erupts as lava |
| Magma | red-hot liquid rock and gases that lie below the surface of the earth |
| Volcanoes that erupt constantly | Active |
| Volcanoes that erupt at regular intervals | Intermittent |
| Volcanoes that are inactive, but expected to become active again | Dormant |
| Volcanoes that are inactive for hundreds of years | Extinct |
| Dome mountains | occur when molten rock pushes up toward the earth's surface along a fault line but doesn't break through the surface of Earth |
| Block mountains | form when blocks of rock split along fault lines and slide in opposite directions |
| Fold mountains | form when tectonic plants move against each other and push and squeeze up the crust of Earth |
| Earthquakes | occur when tectonic plates collide, separate, or scrape against one another along fault lines |
| Ring of Fire | World's most active area of earthquake and volcanic activity where the plates are colliding in the Pacific Ocean |
| Plains | large, flat, mostly treeless areas of land |
| Lowland | area of land lower than the land surrounding it |
| Valley | natural low place generally between mountains or hills |
| Floor | bottom of a valley |
| Walls | sides of a valley |
| Divide | ridge between valleys |
Created by:
marybahner
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