Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit II Pharm
Drugs that Treat Infection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microscopic living organism | Microorganism |
| Major Classes of Microbial Infection | -Bacteria- Viruses- Fungi-Protozoa |
| Physical Host Defenses | - Intact Skin- Ciliated Respiratory Mucosa |
| Physiological Barriers | Gastric AcidImmune FactorsPhagocytic Cells |
| Gram Stain Purple | poitive |
| Gram Stain Red | Negative |
| Gram Positive Cells have: | Thicker cell wall and outer cell capsule |
| Gram Negative Cell Wall: | More complex, smaller outer capsule with two cell membranes. (inner and outer) |
| Antiobiotics can get to gram ____ cells quicker because the wall is not complex. | Positive |
| Infection Signs and Symptoms | Fever, chills, sweats, redness, increased WBC, weight loss |
| During empiric therapy, we give the antibiotic _____ we know what the bacteria is. | Before |
| During prophylactic therapy, the antibiotic is given ___ before/after surgery. | Before |
| Subtherapeutic Response means that : | Signs and symptoms do not improve. |
| Antibiotic Therapy Toxicities | OtotoxicityNephrotoxicity |
| During antibiotic therapy, nurses need to monitor trough levels every ___ days while on therapy or as ordered. | 3 |
| Antibiotic Toxicity occurs if ___ levels are too high or if the pt has allergic or adverse reaction to the drug. | Serum |
| Antibiotics reduce or completely eliminate the normal flora which maintain normal function: other bacterial and fungi take over. | Superinfection |
| Antibiotic Resistance occurs when: | Over prescribing of antibioticsInappropriate antibiotic prescriptionPts not completing antibiotic regimen |
| Factors affecting antibiotic therapy | FoodDrugHost Factors |
| Most common classes of Antibiotics | Sulfonamides,Penicillins,Cephalosporins,Macrolides,Fluoroquinolones,Aminoglycosides,Tetracyclines. |
| Four Most Common Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action | 1. Interference with bacterial cell wall synthesis2. Interference with protein synthesis3. Interference with replication of DNA or RNA4. Antimetabolite action that disrupts critical metabolite reactions inside the bacterial cell. |
| Kill Bacteria | Bactericidal |
| Inhibit growth of susceptible bacteria, rather than killing them immediately; will eventually lead to bacterial death | Bacteriostatic |
| All oral antibiotics are absorbed better if taken with at least ___to___ ounces of water. | 6-8 |
| One of the first groups of frugs used as antibiotics | Sulfonamides |
| Mechanism of Action and Drug Effects of Sulfonamides | * Do not actually destroy bacteria, instead inhibits bacteria growth* Considered bacteriostatic antibiotics* Prevents bacteria synthesis of folic acid |
| Sulfonamides are combined with trimethoprim to block the enzyme required for _______ synthesis. | folic acid |
| Sulfonamides Prototype | TrimethoprimErythromycin |
| Sulfonamides contraindications | Pregnant women at termInfants younger than 2 months |
| Adverse Effects of Sulfonamides | Delayed cutaneous reactionsPhotosensitivity reactionsHemolytic and aplastic anemia |
| Nursing Implications for Sulfonamides | Should be taken with at least 2000 ml of fluid per dayOral forms should be taken with food or milk to reduce Gi upset |
| Penicillins are also called | B-lactams |
| Natural Penicillin Prototype | Penicillin V |
| Aminopenicillins Prototype | Amoxicillin |
| Penicillin's Mechanism of Action | Enter bacteria via cell wallBind to penicillin binding proteinOnce bound, normal cell wall synthesis is disruptedResult: Cells die from lysis |
| Any pt taking a penicillin should be carefully monitored for an allergic reaction for at least _______ after its administration. | 30 minutes |
| Interactions for Penicillin | NSAIDS--> increase activityOral contraceptiveWarfarin--> enhanced anticoagulant effect |
| Adverse Reactions for Penicllin | Stevens Johnson Syndrome, dermatitis |
| Cephalosporins are derivatives from: | Fungus |
| Cephalosporins are structurally and pharmacologically related to: | Penicillins |
| Drug Interactions for Cephalosporins: | Ethanol, oral contraceptives |
| Nursing Implications for Cephalosporins | Orally administered should be given with food to decrease GI upset. |
| Prototype Drugs for Cephalosporins | Cefazolin--> Kefzol, AncefKeflex--> Cephalexin |
| Cefazolin and Keflex are which generation? | First generation |
| First generation Cephalosporins have good ______ coverage and limited _______ | Gram positiveLimited gram negative |
| Cephlaosporin 2nd Generation Prototype Drug | Cefoxitin |
| 2nd generation Cephalosporin has good ______ coverage and _________ gram negative coverage than 1st generation. | Good gram negative coverage; and better gram negative coverage than 1st generation. |
| Cephalosporin 3rd generation prototype drug | Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) |
| 3rd Generation is less active against __________. | Gram Positive |
| Fourth Generation Prototype is: | cefepime (Maxipime) |
| All Carbapenems are given: | parenterally |
| Carbapenems may cause: | drug induced seizure activity |
| Carbapenems Prototype Drug | Imipenm-cilastatin (Primaxin) |
| Primaxin is used for: | Treatment of bone, joint, skin, and soft tissue infections. |
| Indications for Carbapenems | Bone, joint, skin, and soft tissue infections.UTISBacterial Septicemia |
| Monobactams Prototype | Aztreonam (Azactam) |
| Azactam is ______. (Bacteriacidal/Bacteriostatic_ | Bactericidial |
| Macrolide prototype | Erythromycin |
| Macrolides Mechanism of Action | Prevent Protein Synthesis within bacterial CellsConsidered Bacteriostatic |
| Macrolides Indications | Strep InfectionsMild to moderate URI and LRIGonorrhea, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma |
| Adverse Effects of Erythromyocin | Nausea, Vomiting, Hepatotoxicity, Flatulence, Jaundice, Anorexia, Vertigo, THROMBOPHELBITIS |
| Nursing Implications for Erythromyocin | High incidence of GI upset, many drugs taken after meal or snack. |
| Clarithoromycin | Treatment of active ulcer disease associated with Helicobacter pylori infection |
| Ketolide Prototype | telithromycin (ketek) |
| Ketek is indicated for: | Community acquire pneumoniaAcute bacterial sinusitis |
| Tetracycline Prototype | Doxycyclince (Vibramycin, Monodox) |
| Tetracycline Mechanism of Action | Prevents Protein synthesis within bacterial cells. |
| Tetracycline is considered to be ______. (Batericidal/Bacteriostatic | Bacteriostatic |
Created by:
khead
Popular Nursing sets