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GCSE6 atomic struct
AQA GCSE chapter 01 atomic structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 3 particles are found in an atom? | Neutrons, Protons and Electrons |
| What 2 particles are found in the Nucleus? | Neutrons, Protons; yo. the heavy ones, man! |
| What particle is going around the Nucleus? | Electrons |
| What is the name of the circles described by electrons? | Shells or Orbits |
| What particle is positive? | Pppproton are pppositive |
| What particle is neutral (=no charge)? | Neutron |
| What is the charge on an electron? | Negative |
| What two particles are found in the same number in an Atom? | Protons(p+) and Electrons(e-) |
| What is the mass number of an atom with 17p+, 17e- and 18n0? | 17(p+) + 18(n0) = 35 |
| What is the MAXIMUM number of electron on the 1st shell? On the 2nd? On the 3rd? | 2,8,8 |
| What is the electronic arrangement for an atom with 17e-? | 2,8,7 |
| An element isin group 6. What can you say about the number of electrons in the outer shell? | 6 electrons on the outer shell (same number as the group number) |
| What are isotopes? | Atoms of the same elements, with SAME number of PROTONS (ie same atomic number), but DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS (ie different mass numbers) |
| There are two isotopes of Boron: 20% of the atoms are Boron-10 (Boron with a mass number of of 10) and 80% are Boron-11. What is the relative Atomic Mass? | 20/100*10 + 80/100*11 = 10.8 |
| There are two isotopes of Chlorine: Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37. The relative atomic mass of Chlorine is 35.5. What does this tell you about the abundance of Chlorine-35 (compared to the abundance of Chlorine-37) [which isotope is more abundant?] | As the RAM is closer to 35 than 37, it means that there is more Chlorine-35 than Chlorine-37 |
| Potassium has two numbers: 39 at the top and and 19 at the bottom. How many protons electrons and neutrons? | The number at the bottom (atomic) tells us 19 protons, 19 electrons; the difference between the two numbers is the number of neutrons: 20. |
| Antimony has two isotopes of mass 121 and mass 123 and a Relative Atomic Mass of 121.8. What can you say about the proportion of the isotopes (ie which isotope is most abundant) | As the RAM is closer to 121 than 123, there are more isotopes of mass 121 than 123. |
| Where are metals found in the Periodic Table? | On the left |
| What did Mendeleev do compared to previous versions of the Periodic Table? Why was Mendeleev's attempt superior to previous attempts? | He did not organise elements by atomic weight; he organised them by reactivity patterns (even swapped elements like I and Te); he also left gaps for undiscovered elements and made predictions about missing elements |
| How are elements organised in the modern periodic table? | By atomic number |
| What is the number of electrons in Chlorine atom (bottom number is 17, group 7)? Give its electronic configuration | Atom=17 (look directly at bottom number); 2,8,7 |
| What is the number of electrons in Magnesium atom (bottom number is 12, group 2)? Give its electronic configuration | Atom=12 (look directly at bottom number); 2,8,1 |
| CHALLENGE: The Relative Atomic Mass of Copper is 63.5. Copper has only two isotopes of mass 63 and 65. Work out the abundance of each isotope. | Write formula: RAM=sum of (massxabund)/tot abund ie 63.5=(63x a + 65 x (100-a))/100 and rearrange the equation so that a is the subject: a=75; so abundance of 63-Cu is75% and 65-Cu is 25% |
| What is the definition of Relative Atomic Mass | RAM is the weighed average mass of the isotopes of an element, compared to 1/12th of the mass of a Carbon12 atom |
| Order the following scientist in chronological order: from earliest to most recent: Rutherford, Bohr, Dalton, Chadwik, Thompson | Dalton (atoms are spheres), Thomson (electron), Rutherford(nucleus), Bohr (electrons on shells), Chadwick (neutron) |
| Describe the gold foil experimental set-up, the results and the conclusion | Rutherford fired positively charged alpha particles at a thin gold film. most of the alpha particles passed straight through undeviated; some were deflected through large angles, even backwards. This meant that |
| Explain why the gold-foil experiment proved that ‘plum-pudding’ model should be abandoned | because the plum-pudding model prediced that the alpha-particles should go straight through; it simply could not explain the deviation of the alpha particles and the fact that a few alpha particles were repelled backwards. |
| How much smaller is a nucleus compared to the atom? | a nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the atom |
| CHALLENGE: if an atom is 10^-10m long, how big is the nucleus? | a nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the atom; so the nucleus is 10^-14m |
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ursulinechem2
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