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TRIPLE2 organic 1

TRIPLE AQA Chapter 10 alkanes and alkenes

QuestionAnswer
what is a HydroCarbon? A COMPOUND of Hydrogen and Carbon ONLY, JOINED TOGETHER
What is the formula for MethAne? (force yourself to write capital letters to avoid the examiner misreading your handwriting!) CH4
CH4 is the formula for a member of which family? Alkane because the general formula of that hydrocarbon is CnH2n+2
C2H4 is the name of which compound? Ethane
What is the formula for PropAne? (force yourself to write capital letters to avoid the examiner misreading your handwriting!) C3H8
What is the formula for PropEne? (force yourself to write capital letters to avoid the examiner misreading your handwriting!) C3H6
Which type of Hydrocarbons will make Bromine Water change colour? Alkenes (remember DEUX: Double alkEne Unsaturated, X for no more colour with Bromine)
What is the reaction where a long chain alkane breaks down into a shorter chain alkane and an Alkene? Cracking
What is a polymer? A long long long HydroCarbon chain made from many monomers stuck together
What is a monomer? A single unit that contains a double bond
What happens during polymerisation? The double bond open up and joins another monomer
What is the monomer that will make Poly(Propene)? Propene
(UK) What is the polymer made from ChloroEthene? PVC! Another name for ChloroEthene is Vinyl Chloride (but you could have said PolyChlorEthEne)
(UK) What is the monomer that will make PolyTetraFluoroEthene? TetraFluoroEthene
(UK) What is Poly(Ethene) used for? As cling film
(UK) What is PVC used for? For window frames
(UK) What is PTFE used for? For non-stick saucepans
(UK) What does biodegradable mean? Can rot
(UK) Why should we recycle? To save natural resources, so that we can use crude oil for other purposes; burning produces toxic gases; there is less and less landfill sites; saves energy
(UK) Why are plastics not recycled more? Some plastics are mixtures of plastics and they are difficult to separate; People may not see the point of recyling, they may not understand that resources are running out
Which compounds are saturated? Alkanes
Which compounds are unsaturated? Alkenes (remember DEUX: Double alkEne Unsaturated, X for no more colour with Bromine)
How do you draw an AlkAne? Draw the correct number of carbons in a chain; join them with single links; draw links so that each Carbon has FOUR links (no more, no less)
How do you draw an AlkEne? Draw the correct number of carbons in a chain; join TWO carbons with a DOUBLE link; join the other carbons with single links; draw links so that each Carbon has FOUR links (no more, no less)
What is the mnemotechnic to remember that AlkEnes are Unsaturated? DEUX: Double Ene Unsaturated X (no more colour)
What is the chemical test to distinguish between AlkAne and AlkEne? Bromine water stays ORANGE with an alkane; but goes from Orange to COLOURLESS with an AlkEne
Describe the cracking experiment VAPOURS of an AlkAne are passed over a HOT CATALYST
Write the equation for Decane (C10H22) being cracked into Ethene (C2H4) and a smaller Alkane C10H22 --> C2H4 + C8H18; the number of carbon must be the same on both sides of the arrow
Decane (C10H22) can be cracked into 2 EthEne molecules and an AlkAne. What is the formula of the AlkAne? Write the equation C10H22 --> C2H4 + C2H4 + C6H14; the number of carbon must be the same on both sides of the arrow; The alkane is C6H14
Explain why we need to crack long chain alkAnes TWO REASONS: To get smaller molecules that are more USEFUL (more flammable) and more in DEMAND
Write the equation for the polymerisation of Ethene n CH2=CH2 --> -(-CH2-CH2-)-n; did you remember the little n after the bracket; did you remember the n on the reactant side (to balance)
Write the equation for the reaction between Bromine and Ethene Br2 + CH2=CH2 --> CH2(Br)-CH2(Br) [please note that the Br in bracket is to show that the Br is BELOW the CH2]
Why does the colour from orange to colourless (decolourises) during the Unsaturation test? Bromine (Br2) is orange; but as each Br atom attaches to the double bond, there is no more Bromine (Br2), so the colour disappears
Write the equation for the reaction between Bromine and PropEne Br2 + CH3-CH=CH2 --> CH3-CH(Br)-CH2(Br) [please note that the Br in bracket is to show that the Br is BELOW the CH2]
(UK) Write the equation for the reaction between Steam and PropEne H2O + CH3-CH=CH2 --> CH3-CH2-CH2-OH OR CH3-CH(OH)-CH2 [please note that the OH in bracket is to show that the OH is BELOW the CH2]
(UK) Why is there two products formed when PropEne reacts with water? The OH from the water can join to EITHER carbon frm the double bond
(UK) What is the name of the product of addition of EthEne with Water? Ethanol
(UK) What is the name of the product of addition of PropEne with Water? PropAnol
(UK) What is the name of the product of addition of EthEne with Bromine? DibromoEthAne (the product is a saturated compound so it is an alkAne like chemical)
(UK) What is the name of the product of addition of PropEne with Bromine? DibromoPropAne (the product is a saturated compound so it is an alkAne like chemical)
(UK) What are the conditions used for the addition of Hydrogen onto an AlkEne? 60C and a Nickel catalyst
(UK) What are the conditions used for the addition of Water onto an AlkEne? high temperature, high pressure and a Phosphoric acid catalyst
Describe the dance/mnemotechnic to help remember how AlkEnes react First position (double bond ready); Chin up (place the groups at right angles); Open up and join; brackets and n
(IGCSE) write the equation for the reaction of Methane with Chlorine CH4 + Cl2 --> CH3Cl + HCl
(IGCSE) write the equation for the reaction of Butane with Chlorine C4H10 + Cl2 --> C4H9Cl + HCl
(IGCSE) what are the conditions for the reaction of Methane with Chlorine Ultra violet light
Created by: ursulinechem2
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