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Intro to ethics
legal and ethical issues in nursing chap 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Ethical values are | subject to philosophical, moral, and individual interpretations. |
Metaethics | attempts to analyze the meaning, justification, and inferences of moral concepts and statements |
Normative theories | are universally applicable, involve questions and obligations on the part of the decision makers. |
Deontological theories | derive norms and rules from the duties human beings owe one another by virtue of commitments that are made and roles that are assumed. |
Act deontology | based on the personal moral values of the person making the ethical decision. |
Rule deontology | based on the belief that certain standards for ethical decisions transcend the individual’s moral values. |
Utilitarianism | what makes an action right or wrong is its utility. |
Rule utilitarianism | seeks the greatest happiness for all. |
Act utilitarianism | attempts to determine, in a given situation, which course of action will bring about the greatest happiness, or the least harm and suffering, to a single individual. |
Autonomy | personal freedom and self-determination-the right to choose what will happen to one’s own person. |
Beneficence | actions one takes should promote good. |
Nonmaleficence | one should do no harm, including the inflicting of pain and suffering on others. |
Veracity | concerns truth telling and incorporates the concept that individuals should always tell the truth. |
Fidelity | keeping one’s promises or commitments. |
Paternalism | allows no collaboration in the decision-making process, but totally removes the decision from the patient or the patient’s family members. |
Justice | people should be treated fairly and equally. |
Respect for others | highest principle, acknowledges the right of the individual to make decisions and to live or die based on those decisions. |
Advocacy | concerns the active support of an important cause or issue. |
Autonomy model | facilitates decision making for the competent patient. |
Patient benefit model | uses substituted judgment and facilitates decision making for the incompetent patient. |
Social justice model | considers broad social issues and is accountable to the institution. |