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Arizona Gorvernment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the State's role in Federalism? | States have sovereign, independent governments. Most have a Republican form of Government. May grant more, but not fewer rights than the U.S. Constitution. |
| What is the hierarchy of laws? | U.S. Constitution, Federal Laws, State Constitutions, State Laws (Statutes), Local Ordinances and Administrative Rules |
| List the different amendment processes used for the states (not Arizona specifically) | Legislature, constitutional convention, voters |
| List different aspects of Direct Democracy. | Purest form was in Athens. Initiative = proposed by the people. (Get enough signatures on a petition to put it on the ballot). Referendum = Legislature, then goes to the people. Recall = People remove someone from office. |
| What is citizen legislature? | Only in session 2-3 months; they have a "real job." Usually smaller states have this. |
| List the methods that Judges may be appointed. | Gubernatorial appointment, Legislature appointment, Partisan Elections (Judge runs as a Democrat or Republican), Non-Partisan Elections, Merit Selection (independent commission recommends people to governor, and must be approved by the people) |
| Pre-Colonial Period in Arizona History | Many native cultures before European colonization. Spain "discovers" Arizona, missionaries spread culture. Tubac and Tucson founded. |
| Arizona history with Mexico | When Mexico gains independence, U.S. goes to war and gets California, Utah, etc. and most of Arizona. |
| What is the Gadsen Purchase? | Gadsen spent 10 million dollars, and Arizona became territory of New Mexico. |
| What were Arizona's barriers to achieving statehood? | Small population, southern part of Arizona joined the confederacy, economy (how long would mining last), politics (AZ was democratic), demographics hispanic, Senator Beveridge |
| What is the Organic Act? | Establishes the Arizona territory, which has territorial government appointed by the President and overseen by Congress. Capital moved from Prescott, Tucson, Prescott, then Phoenix. |
| What is the Enabling Act? | Says what Arizona must do to become a state. They need President's approval, and have restrictions on public lands. |
| What were the goals of the Arizona constitution? | Establish institutions, individual rights, Progressive movement (want direct democracy), and strong labor state. |
| What are populists? | Gradually became progressives around when Arizona was becoming a state. Progressives wanted to blend direct democracy and representative democracy |
| Steps of Direct Democracy in Arizona | Petition, then election. |
| Initiatives or Referendum can be... | statutory (law), or constitutional |
| Describe the Arizona Legislature | Citizen Legislature, Bicameral, two-year terms for all, four-term limit per house (resets after two years). Qualifications: 25 yrs old, U.S. citizen, AZ resident for three years, and county resident for one year. Members may be expelled with a 2/3 vote. |
| Describe Arizona Districts | 30 districts, each getting 2 representatives and one senator. They will earn $24,000 for the 3-4 months they work. |
| What is Baker v. Carr? | Redistricting to ensure that districts have almost equal populations. "One man, one vote." |
| What is Gerrymandering? | Drawing district lines in a strange fashion to keep a party in power. |
| What is a standing committee? | Smaller groups of the legislature that vote on bills before they are put before the whole house. Most bills die in the standing committees. |
| What is a professional legislature? | Has full-time members that work year-round, and have no other job. Arizona does NOT have a professional legislature. |
| What is a special session? | Legislative usually meets about 100 days/year, but if something important comes up at any point in the year, the Governor can call a special session and the house can only concentrate on that specific topic. They're paid extra for it. |
| What does COW stand for? | Committee of the whole, where the house (or senate) acts as one large committee after smaller committee has voted on a bill. |
| What is the difference between a regular bill, and one with an emergency clause? | The emergency clause goes into effect immediately, whereas a normal bill may take 90 days-1 year. |
| What is a "Plural Executive?" | This is what Arizona has. Governor is weaker because multiple executive offices are elected by the people, not appointed. |
| What is a "Unitary Executive?" | Just a governor is elected, and he appoints all other positions. This is a stronger governor. |
| Name, in order, the elected executive officials in Arizona. | Governor, Secretary of state, Attorney General, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Education, Mine Inspector, Corporation commission. all are 4-year terms, with 2-term limit. |
| Who is Evan Mecham? | Unpopular Republican who was running for Governor for 5th time; the Democratic and Independent candidates split the vote, so he won even though he had 40% of the vote. AZ voters demanded a recall, but was impeached so they didn't need a recall election |
| What is the job description for AZ's governor? | Appointment & Removal (except elected officials), Fiscal, Military (unused), influence lawmaking, call special sessions, veto, line-item veto, appoint judges, clemency powers |
| Describe the governor's clemency powers | Grants reprieves (postpone an execution, for example), commutation (for example, say someone should serve only 20 yrs instead of 50 yrs), pardons (for state crimes only) |
| How can the governor be removed? | Recall: 20% voters must sign petition, Impeachment: majority vote in house & senate holds trial |
| What does the "Dracula Clause" say? | If an official is impeached, the legislature may decide to invoke this clause to keep him from ever running for a state office again. |
| Who is George W.P. Hunt? | Arizona's first governor, served 14 years and was part of constitutional convention. |
| Who is Bruce Babbit? | Attorney General who became Governor after the Governor and Secretary of State. |
| Who is Rose Mofford? | Arizona's first female governor, succeeded to office after Mecham |
| Who is Jane Dee Hull? | First woman to be elected governor, but she succeeded to her office at the beginning. |
| Who is Jan Brewer? | Our current Governor. |
| What is the job description of Secretary of State? | Record-keeping, elections: prepares ballots, certifies petitions, decides results. Current one is Ken Bennet. |
| What is the job description of the attorney general? | State's top lawyer, provides legal opinions, oversees state prosecutions and appeals. Current one is Terry Goddard. |
| What is the job description of State Treasurer? | Chief financial officer, Must inform legislature whenever they leave the state. Current one is Dean Martin. |
| What is the job description of Superintendent of Education? | Not required to be an educator or school administrator, head of state board of education (8 other members appointed by the governor). Current one is Tom Horne. |
| Peculiarities in Arizona Constitution | Right to privacy, right for education to be "as free as possible" |
| Describe Limited Jurisdiction Courts | lowest court, trials, preliminary hearings, 4yr terms. Justice of the Peace Courts and Municipal Courts |
| Describe Superior Courts | moderate/major trials, formal court of record (in case it's appealed), occasionally hear appeals from Limited Jurisdiction Courts |
| Describe the Arizona Court of Appeals | only hears appeals, only discussing how the case went (no new trial), 16 judges in phoenix, 6 in Tucson, 3-judge panels, majority issues decision |
| Describe the Arizona Supreme Court | court of last resort, five justices, chooses nearly all of its cases, must hear death penalty appeals, original jurisdiction is only for disputes between counties and suits against governor, rarely appealed to U.S. Supreme Court |
| How does Arizona choose its Judges? | Merit Selection: independent committee sends Governor three or more names to choose from, then after 2-4 years Judge is retained by the people; ballot says, Do you want (name) to be retained as a Judge? (yes or no) |
| Who is Ruth McGregor? | Current AZ supreme court chief justice. First female chief Justice in highest court of the state. |
| Describe Local Governments | Created by state legislature, and get their power from the state legislature. 15 county governments, municipal governments, and thousands of smaller governments. Active with education. |
| How are Justices of the Peace chosen? | They are elected. |
| What are the most expensive elections? | Partisan Elections. |
| When are state officials elected? | Non-Presidential years. |
| When can citizens begin recall efforts? | 6 months after the official takes office. |
| How can Judges be removed? | Impeachment, Recall, or commission on judicial conduct |
Created by:
AmyR
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