Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CH11 Valves
The Manual of Clinical Perfusion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who performed the first artificial valve replacement in 1952? | Charles Hufnagel |
| What type of valve was the one developed by Albert Star and Lowell Edwards? | a ball and cage valve |
| When was the Starr-Edwards ball and cage valve used successfully? | 1960 |
| What two types are today's valves? | Mechanical and bioprosthetic |
| What two designs are mechanical valves? | tilting disk valves and double tilting half-disk (bileaflet) |
| What is the life expectancy of mechanical valves? | Greater than 20 years |
| While a longer life span is an advantage of mechanical valves, what is a marked disadvantage? | Mechanical valves require anti-coagulation medication |
| What is a coumadin and how does is work | coumadin (Warfarin) is a vitamin K antagonist and interferes with the production of vitamin K dependent factors |
| What are the vitamin K dependent factors? | 2, 7, 9, and 10 |
| What two types of bioprosthetic valves are available? | Animal, usually porcine (heterographs) Human (homografts) |
| What percentage of patients will require a new homograft within 15 years? | 10-20% |
| What is a common complication seen with valves? | Infection |
| What is the most accurate method to evaluate cardiac valvular function? | Measure pressure gradients across the valve |
| What type of pressure is seen with mitral stenosis? | High atrial pressure with slow fall early in diastole |
| What type of pressure is seen with tricuspid stenosis? | High atrial pressure with slow fall early in diastole |
| What type of pressure is seen with mitral insufficiency? | Atrial systolic increases during ventricular systole |
| What type of pressure is seen with tricuspid insuffiency? | Atrial systolic increases during ventricular systole |
| What type of pressure is seen with aortic stenosis? | A slow-rising aortic pulse pressure |
| What type of pressure is seen with aortic insufficiency? | A collapsing aortic diastolic pressure |
| Aortic valve area | 2.6-3.5 sq cm |
| Aortic valve flow | 250ml/SEP/sec |
| Mitral area | 4-6 sq cm |
| Mitral valve flow | 150/DFP/sec |
| What is a common cause of mitral stenosis? | rheumatic fever |
| When would a replacement occur over a commissurotomy for MV stenosis? | If the leaflets are calcified and the valve not pliable |
| What effects does mitral insufficiency have on the LV? | LV dilatation and hypertrophy |
| What is the correction for MV prolapse? | annuloplasty |
| What is the common congenital cause of AV stenosis? | bicuspid valve |
| LA enlargement, diminished compliance, dyspnea, CHF, and right sided heart failure result from mitral stenosis or insufficiency? | MV stenosis |
| An overworked left ventricle, lower output, lung congestion, diminished pulses and murmur is found in aortic or mitral stenosis? | AV stenosis |
| Cannulation strategy for MV surgery | bicaval |
| Cannulation strategy for AV surgery | two-stage |
| What special cardioplegia considerations occur during AV surgery? | once the aorta is opened, retrograde or ostial must be given |
| What are the three leaflets of the tricuspid? | anterior, posterior and septal |
| Which tricuspid leaflet is the largest? | anterior |
| Which tricuspid leaflet is the smallest? | posterior |
| What valve failure can cause subsequent tricuspid insufficiency? | MV disease, leading to increased right heart pressures |
| What cannulation strategy is used when opening the right atrium? | Bicaval |
| What is the source of the three cusps of the pulmonic valve? | the lining of the PA |
| Left heart failure, MV obstruction, and pulmonary vascular disease can lead to what pathophysiology of the PV? | pulmonic regurgitation |
| What is associated with pulmonic regurgitation in newborns? | A VSD |
Created by:
pumpchicks
Popular Surgery sets