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23 isolation2empire
an american nation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Queen Liliuokalani | A determined Hawaiin nationalist who tried to wrestle control of Hawaii from sugar growers. She failed. |
| George Dewey | Commander of the navy's Asiatic Squadron, who steamed from Hong Kong to Manila as the Spanish-American War began in 1898. He quickly defeated the Spanish fleet and gained control of Manila in the Phillipines. |
| Archipelago | A group of islands. The Phillipines, for example, form such a group. |
| John Hay | Secretary of State who issued the turn-of-the-century "Open Door" notes that set forth America's policy in Asia: Free trade and the territorial integrity of China. He also negotiated a numberof treaties that lead to the construction of the Panama Canal. |
| Valeriano Weyler | The Spanish governor of Cuba whose harsh reconcentration camp policy provoked outrage in America and steeled (agravated) Cuban rebels' resolve against him. Americans saw in Cuba's anti-Spanish rebels a reflection of past struggle against the British. |
| yellow peril | A code used to express the fear many early 20th cent Americans, particularly on the West Coast, had of unrestricted Japanese immigration. T. Roosevelt responded to fear by negotiating a "Gentlemens' Agreement" with Japan to restrict Japanese emigration. |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | In 1906, the Japanese government agreed not to issue passports to Japanese workers intending to migrate to the US. P. Roosevelt reciprocrated by getting the San Francisco school board to end its discriminatory segregation of Japanese students. |
| Josiah Strong | A social Darwinist and author of "Our Country", a racial and religious justification for American expansion. He argued that the Anglo-Saxon (whites) people were divinely ordained to dominate mankind- A case of survival of the fittest. |
| John L. Stevens | US minister to Hawaii that helped stage a coup (successful act) that overthrew the nationalist government of Queen Liliuokalani. The coup leaders, American sugar growers, then applied for annexation (taking area) of Hawaii by the US. |
| large policy | America's growing foreign trade, Darwinian social theory, conquest of western frontier, strategic/ military interests, and the European examples of colonial acquisition influenced leaders to call for larger role for US in world affairs in late 19th c. |
| Teller Amendment | A pledge by the US that it did not intend to annex Cuba and that it would recognize Cuban independence from Spain after the Spanish-American War. |
| Open Door Policy | A series of diplomatic notes issued by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 that set forth American objectives in China: free trade and recognition of the territorial integrity of China. This marked a departure from the US's tradition of isolationism. |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | The leader of the Filipino rebels who were fighting for independence from Spain when the Spanish-American War bagn. He helped Commodore Dewey defeat the Spanish at Manila, but then fought US troops in the Phillipine Insurrection (1900-1904). |
| Rough Riders | Colonel Teddy Roosevelt's volunteer unit in the Cuban theater of the Spanish-American War. They charged up the San Juan heights near Santiago to help capture that city. |
| Alfred Thayer Mahan | Naval Captain who authored "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" & in 1880s applied his knowledge to argue US needed:strong navy, coaling stations, annexation of Hawaii, Caribbean bases, Central American canal- which would ensure US as world power. |
| Nashville | When Panamanians revolted against Colombian governors in 1903, T. Roosevelt, interested in a canal route through Panama, ordered this naval cruiser to help the rebels. The revolution succeeded Panama became independent and negotiated US canal agreement. |
| dollar diplomacy | Foreign police initiative associated with the Taft's presidency . It reasoned that American economic penetration would bring stability & safety to underdeveloped nations (Latin America/ Asia), profit and power to the US without acutal control of region. |
| insular cases | In a series of cases, federal courts held that, in effect, the Constitution does not follow the flag and the Congress had the power to determine the rights of those who lived in American possessions, e.g, those gained from the Spanish American War. |
| reconcentration camps | When Spanish General Valeriano Weyler became governor of Cuba in 1896, he herded the rural population into these to prevent them from giving aid or recruits to the rebels fighting for Cuban independence from Spain. |
| isolationism | The label given to America's 19 cent. foreign policy. It was based on President Washington's warning not to form alliances or become politically entangled with European nations in peacetime, and was announced as policy inthe Monroe Doctrine of 1823. |
| Hay-Pauncefote Treaty | A 1901 agreement which set aside the 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty between the US and Britain and gave the US the right to build and fortify a narrow strip of land to connect to land mass canal through C. America. US agreed to keep canal open to all ships. |
| Treaty of Washington | In 1871, the US and Britain decided to arbitrate the Alabama claims dispute dating from the Civil War. The "Alabama" was a British-built Confederate naval cruiser that sank tons of Union shipping. The British agreed to pay reparations (compensation). |
| Boxer Rebellion | THe 1900 uprising in China that test the US's New Door policy because it could have provoked European and Japanese retaliation against China that could have led to China's dismemberment (and perhaps exclusion of US from trade there). |
| Platt Ammendment | Ammendment to the Cuban Constitution that authorized US intervention in Cuba to protect American interests. Cuba pledged not to make foreign treaties tha tmight compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the US at Guantanamo Bay. |
| anti-imperialists | Term given to Americans who opposed Phillipines Annexation, building of American Empire after the Spanish-American War (1898). Idealism, self-interest, racism, constituionalism, and others motivated them but they failed. Phillipines were annexed in 1900. |
| Pan-American Conference | An 1889 meeting that was useless to Secretary of State James Blaine. He wanted a trade reciprocity agreement with Latin A. nations that enhances US goods marketing, but conference only created a Pan-American Union promoting commercial/ cultural exchanges. |
| Leonard Wood | The military governor of Cuba after the Spanish-American War. He considered US annexation of Cuba as the best solution to unstable conditions there. Instead, Cuba gained nominal independence under the Platt Amendment to its constitution. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | A 1904 addendum (addition) to the Monroe Doctrine announed by T. Roosevelt that the US had a right to intervene in internal affairs of Latin American Nations should those nations become unstable. Via it, US assumed role of hemispTheric policeman. |
| Treaty of Portsmouth | The 1905 treaty mediated by T. Roosevelt that results in the settlement of the RUsso-Japanese War. The Japanese were embittered by the settlement, which gave them a smaller amount of territory and financial indemnity (protection) than they expected. |
| spheres of influence | A geographical area over which a nation exercises control, (mainly) economic control. Arond 1900, Japan and various European nations were carving China into such areas. The US called for free trade and recognition of the territorial integrity of China. |
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