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Religion Art Media
ASPAR Unit E
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| altar-piece | Decorative adjunct to the altar, sited behind it. Containing images that arecarved or painted depicting scenes from the life of Christ or lives of saints.Sometimes made up of one or more panels. |
| anastasis | Literally a rising usually used in Orthodox or Byzantine art to refer to theresurrection of Christ. (Harrowing of Hell.) |
| ante-chapel | Outer portion of chapel or church serving as an ant-chamber to the buildingitself. Often separated from the main portion of building by a screen. |
| antiphoner | Large illuminated liturgical book used to direct antiphonal singing. Highlydecorated pages similar to illuminated manuscripts. |
| apse | Rounded end to a church or cathedral usually at the East end. |
| book of hours:(horae) | Liturgical book used as an aid to prayer. Refers to the seven canonicalhours of prayer throughout the day. Usually highly illustrated. |
| book of kells | Illuminated copy of the Gospels written C800. One of the greatmasterpieces of Irish Christian Art (now in Trinity College Dublin). |
| censer (thurible) | Container used to house burning incense for use in worship. |
| chalice | Principal liturgical vessel, the cup used to contain the consecrated wine atcommunion services. |
| chi-ro (chrismon) | Greek letters forming a monogram symbolising Christ. Formed from Greekletters Chi and Rho represented as X, P. |
| ciborium | Liturgical vessel used for containing the consecrated bread at communionservices. |
| deesis | Depiction of Christ seated with Virgin Mary on his right and John the Baptiston his left. |
| deposition | Image depicting the removal of Christ from the cross (also called thedescent from the cross). |
| doom painting:doom | Visual representation of the Last Judgement. Common in medievalchurches, and often very graphic in detail. Usually sited on the archdividing the chancel from the nave of the church. |
| dormition | Death or falling asleep, usually refers to icon showing the dormition (death)of Blessed Virgin Mary. |
| icon | Panel paintings of Christ, The Virgin Mary or the Saints. Revered as an aid todevotion in Orthodox Church. They are more than just religious paintingsoften described as ‘windows into heaven’ or ‘channels of God’s grace’. |
| iconoclasm | The destruction of devotional images and statues in churches. ICONOCLASTCONTROVERSY specifically refers to 8th / 9th century movement thatdestroyed icons, seeing them as a form of idolatry. |
| iconography | The reading and understanding of symbolism and imagery used within a workof art. |
| iconostasis | Large screen separating sanctuary from the remainder of the church inOrthodox buildings. Often holds tiers of icons arranged in formulaic levels. |
| illuminatedmanuscripts | Highly decorated ancient manuscripts. Pages often highly decorated inmargins with a variety of images or symbols, and initial letters of pages often form the basis of an illustration. |
| mezuzah | Parchment roll on which first tow paragraphs of the Jewish Shema prayer arewritten. Often placed in a decorated case and attached to the doorpost ofevery traditional Jewish home. |
| mihrab | Arched niche indicating the direction of Mecca (the qibla) and thus directionfor prayer. |
| minaret | Tower of a mosque from which the faithful are called to prayer. |
| opus sectile | Form of floor mosaic usually of marble arranged in geometric pattern. |
| Pre-RaphaeliteBrotherhood(PRB) | Term used to describe founder members of the Pre-Raphaelite school, e.g.The artists, Holman Hunt, Millais, and Rossetti. |
| puja | Hindu ritual worship (three types: temple, domestic and communal.) |
| romanesque | Style of architecture broadly defined as the art of Western Europe from 10th to13th century. |
| stained glass | Coloured or painted glass arranged to depict scenes and images. A usefulresource for teaching illiterate lay people (and literate) the key teachings ofthe Christian faith, e.g. Bible windows at Canterbury Cathedral. |
| tesserae | Small cubes of stone marble or glass used in making of mosaics. |
| typological symbolism | Typological symbolism refers to the the symbolism within paintings that use references to events in Old Testament to prefigure persons or events in the New Testament. Usually consists of a ‘sign’ and a ‘signifier’. |
| electric church | Term used by the US broadcaster Ben Armstrong to describe evangelicalbroadcasters who go on air primarily to raise money instead of preachingand teaching traditional Christian messages. |
| prosperity theology | Many televangelists teach that wealth, success and prosperity are God’sreward for good Christian living, and that poverty, illness or misfortune arepunishments. |
| televangelism | A word coined by Time magazine to describe the use of television (and to alesser extent other broadcast media) to spread the Christian faith. It is often used in a slightly derogatory way. |
| televangelist | A person who preaches and teaches using broadcast media in order to wincoverts to the Christian faith, and to strengthen the faith of those who arealready Christian. |
| teleministry | The ministry of a televangelist. |
| avatar | A graphical persona. Some interactive sites allow users to log in with auser name and a visual representation of their persona. This persona thenperforms actions. Avatars were first developed for computer games. |
| cyber- | (a) a computer-mediated counterpart of a real-life experience, object oraction, e.g. cyberchurch, cyberpilgrimage.(b) a real life area of study that focuses on cyberspace, e.g.cybergeography, cybertheology. |
| cyberculture | The ways of behaving and interacting that characterise life in cyberspace. |
| cyberspace | Cyberspace is a conceptual space. It has no geographical location, butdescribes the perceived setting of objects, identities and experiences thatexist within the communication network itself. |
| internet | The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networkswhich carry email, messaging, newsgroups (Usenet) and allow people totransfer files and to upload and access pages on the world wide web(www). |
| open source | Since the earliest days of the Internet, there hasbeen a strong counter-movement which promotes individually andcollaboratively developed “open source” software that is not subject to copyright. |
| meatspace | The experience of physical existence in the real world. |
| virtual | Applied as an adjective to objects and qualities as experienced in computermediated experience, usually as an antonym for “real-life”. |
| virtual environment | A “place” in cyberspace that has specific characteristics that distinguish itfrom the rest of cyberspace. There may be restrictions on who can use the “place” and what they may do. |
| virtual reality | Virtual reality is the experience of interaction with computer generatedenvironment. The environment may be a virtual environment on a computer screen, or it may be constructed using prostheses, displays, headphones, gloves, etc. |
| World Wide Web | The world wide web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliauin 1989. It is a collection of interlinked documents, images and resourcesstored on internet-connected computer servers. |
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