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NMSUpharmacology
Drugs that affect heart, blood vessels, and blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors | Captopril (used to treat hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and myocardial infarction). ACTION: reduce levels of angiotensin II and increase bradykinin. DILATES BLOOD VESSELS/REDUCE BLOOD VOLUME/REVERSE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE HEART |
| angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) | Losartan (used to treat hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy,myocardial infarction, prevent stroke) ACTION: block actions of angiotensin II. Similar to ACE inhibitors, but ACE inhibitors are preferred. |
| aldosterone antagonist | Eplerenone (used for hypertension and heart failure). ACTION: selective blockade of aldosterone receptors -> increased excretion of NA and H2O -> reduced blood volume and blood pressure |
| Calcium Channel Blocker (acts on smooth muscle and the heart) | Verapamil(for angina,hypertension, dysrhythmias).BLOCKADE at(1) peripheral arterioles -> dilation/reduces pressure,(2)at heart arteries increases perfusion,(3)at SA node reduces HR,(4)at AV node decreases conduction,(5)decreases contraction force |
| Calcium Channel Blocker (that acts mainly on the vascular smooth muscle) | dihydropyridines -- causes vasodilation but has little effect on the heart, so they cannot prevent dysrhythmias. |
| Beta Blocker (beta-adrenergic antagonist) [non-selective] | propranolol (blocks beta1 and beta2). Beta1: reduce HR, decrease force of ventricular contraction, suppress conduction, suppress renin secretion. Beta2: cause bronchonstriction, vasoconstriction, inhibit glycogenolysis |
| Bete Blocker (beta-adrenergic antagonist) [cardioselective] | metoprolol (blocks beta1 only) reduce HR, decrease force of ventricular contraction, suppress conduction, suppress renin secretion. |
| organic nitrate | nitroglycerin (vasodilation to treat angina) |
| cardiac glycoside | digoxin (treatment for heart failure and dysrhythmias) -- increases the force of ventricular contraction thereby increases cardiac output |
| sympathomimetic catecholamine | dopamine (activates beta1 in the heart and dopamine receptors in the kidneys): increases HR, increases myocardial contractility, increases renal blood flow and urine output |
| parenteral anticoagulant | heparin (decreases fibrin formation by promoting inactivation of clotting factors) therapeutic effect: prevention of venous thrombosis |
| oral anticoagulant | warfarin (decreases fibrin formation by decreasing synthesis of clotting factors). therapeutics: prevention of venous thrombosis |
| antiplatelet drugs | aspirin (decreases platelet aggregation) therapeutic effect: prevention of arterial thrombosis |
| thrombolytic drug | strepokinase (promotion of fibrin digestion) therapeutic effect: removal of newly formed thrombi |
| hemophilia a treatment | Factor VIII (made from donor plasma or recombinant DNA technology) |
| hemophilia b treatment | Factor IX (made from donor plasma or recombinant DNA technology) |
| erythropoeitic growth factors | epoetin alfa (erythropoietin) |
| leukopoietic growth factors | filgrastim (granulocute colony-stimulating factor) |
| thrombopoietic growth factor | oprelvekin |
| HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors (Statins) | Lovastatin (lowers LDL levels by increasing the number of LDL receptors on hepatocytes). |
| Bile-Acid Sequestrants | Cholestyramine (decrease LDL levels by increasing the number of LDL receptors on hepatocytes; less powerful than Statins, usually used as adjuncts). |
Created by:
roadrunner09
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