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Brain Anatomy

TermDefinition
cerebral cortex outermost part of the brain that can be divided into 4 lobes; responsible for ability to think, reason, and imagine
four lobes frontal: reasoning, motor skills, higher level cognition, expressive language; parietal: processes senses; occipital: interprets visual stimuli and information; and temporal: interprets sounds and language, hippocampus forms memories
brain stem hindbrain & midbrain; hindbrain connects spinal cord to brain; medulla: above spinal cord, controls hr, breathing, & bp; pons connects medulla to cerebellum & controls mvmnt; reticular formation: neural network in medulla, controls functions like sleep &
midbrain smallest region of brain, relay station for auditory & visual info, controls visual & auditory systems and eye movement, red nucleus and substantia nigra control body movement,
cerebellum "little brain", on top of pons behind brain stem, gets info from balance system of inner ear, sensory nerves, and auditory & visual systems; motor movements, memory and learning; 10% of brain's size; 50% of brain's neurons; posture, balance, coordination
thalamus above brain stem, transmits movement and sensory info, relays info to cerebral cortex, also gets info from cerebral cortex to send to other systems
hypothalamus grouping of nuclei at base of brain near pituitary gland, controls hunger, thirst, emotions, body temp, and circadian rhythms; controls pituitary gland by secreting hormones
limbic system amygdala, hippocampus, regions of limbic cortex and septal area; these 4 structures form connections between limbic system and hypothalamus, and the thalamus and cerebral cortex; system itself controls emotional responses
basal ganglia group of large nuclei that partially surround the thalamus; important in control of movement; red nucleus and substantia nigra of midbrain have connections to basal ganglia
Created by: dempseysarah
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