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Chapter 14
Heart
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| afterload | the forces that impede the flow of blood out of the heart |
| aortic valve | heart valve that prevents back flow from the aorta to the left ventricle |
| apex | pointed end of the heart; the location of the point of maximum impulse |
| atrioventricular node (AV) | group of pacemaker cells in the interartial septum that relays impulses from the atria to the ventricles |
| atrium | the upper chamber of each half of the heart |
| automaticity | the unique ability of the cardiac muscle to contract without nervous stimulation |
| baroreceptors | pressure sensors in the aorta and carotid arteries that detect changes in blood pressure; also called pressoreceptors |
| base | broadest part of the heart; where the great vessels enter and leave |
| cardiac cycle | the series of events that occur form the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next |
| cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute |
| chemoreceptors | sensors in the aortic arch, carotid arteries, and medulla that detect increases in levels of carbon dioxide, decreased levels of oxygen, and decreases in pH |
| coronary arteries | vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium |
| diastole | the period of cardiac muscle relaxation |
| electrocardiogram (ECG) | record of the electrical currents in the heart |
| endocardium | the endothelial membrane that lines the chambers of the heart |
| epicardium | the serous membrane on the surface of the myocardium |
| mediastinum | space between the lungs and beneath the sternum |
| mitral valve | the valve that regulates blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle |
| myocardium | the middle layer of the heart wall; composed of cardiac muscle |
| pericardial cavity | space between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium that contains a small amount of serous fluid |
| pericardium | the membranous fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the bases of the great vessels |
| preload | the amount of tension, or stretch, in the ventricular muscle just before it contracts |
| proprioceptors | sensors in muscle and joints that signal the cardiac center of changes in physical activity |
| pulmonary valve | heat valve that prevents the backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle |
| Purkinje fiber | nerve-like processes that extend from the bundle branches to the ventricular myocardium; form the last part of the cardiac conduction system |
| rhythmicity | term applied to the heart's ability to beat regularly |
| sinoatrial node (SA) | the heart's primary pacemaker, where normal cardiac impulses arise |
| stroke volume | the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each beat |
| systole | contraction of the chambers of the heart |
| tricuspid valve | the right atrioventricular valve, regulated flow between the right atrium and right ventricle |
| ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart |
Created by:
lindstromjPN110
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