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Nursing Research III

Quantitative 77-78

QuestionAnswer
Issues within a study that provide alternate explanations about the relationships identified during the study. Threats to Validity
The process by which subjects are chosen to take part in a study and how subjects are grouped within a study. Selection
An event that is not related to the planned study but occurs during the time of the study and could inflence the responses of subjects to the treatment. History
Increasing the risk of a type I error by conducting multiple statistical analyses of relationships or differences looking for a significant relationship of difference. Fishing
The movement or regresion of extreme scores toward the mean in studies using a pretest-posttest design. Statistical Regression
This technique is used when an experimental subject is randomly selected and a subject similar in relation to important extraneous variables is randomly selected for inclusion in the control or comparison group. Matching
The extent to which the effects detected in the study are a true reflection of reality rather than being the result of the effects of extraneous variables. Internal validity
Concerned with whether the conclusions about relationships and differences drawn from statistical analyses are an accurate reflection or reality. Statistical conclusion validity
Examines the fit between conceptual and operational definitions of variables and determines whether the instrument actually measures the theoretical construct that it purports to measure. construct validity
Unplanned and unrecognized changes experienced during a study such as subjects growing older, wiser, stronger, hungrier - that can influence the findings of the study. Maturation
The extent to which the study findings can be generalized beyond the sample used in the study. External validity
The researcher's attempt to obtain subjects with various levels of extraneous variable in the sample but controls the number of subjects at each level of the variable and their random assignment to groups within the study. Heterogeneity
Design in which the researcher includes subjects with various levels of extraneous variable in the sample but controls the number of subjects at each level of the variable and their random assignment to groups within the study. Blocking
Used in a design so that subjects are distributed throughout the sampel by using sampling techniques similar to those used in blocking, but the purpose of the procedure is even distribution throughout the sample. Stratification
The possibility of an alternative explanation of cause. Rival hypothesis
The degree to which objects are similar of a form of equivalence, such as limiting subjects to only one level of extraneous variable to reduce its impact on the study findings. Homogeneity
The blueprint for conducting the study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with validity of the findings. Design
Occurs when only one method of emasurement is used to measure a construct, such as the use of one paper and pencil scale to measure chronic pain. Mono-operation bias
More than one measure of a variable is used in a study, but all measures use the same method of recording. Monomethod bias
Exists in all studies and can affect the measurement of study variables and the relationships among these variables. Extraneous variable
Designs using blocking where the extraneous variable is used as an independent variable in the data analysis. Randomized block design
Causes lead to effects
From the perspective of probability a cause may not produce a specific effect each time that a particular cause occurs
Designs are used to reduce bias
The purpose of a design is to maximize control
The most commonly used treatment in a study is the intervention
Quazi-experimental designs investigate cause and effect relationships
Threats to external validity involve selections, settings and history
Created by: egoodrich
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