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unit 5 pharm study
review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| toxic effects of gentamycin/aminoglycosides | ototoxicity (hearing loss), nephrotoxicity |
| relationship between penicillins/cephalosporins | virtually identical in action, drug effects, indications, SE, adverse effects, interactions |
| general interactions/ SE of most antibiotics | interactions..reduce effectiveness of OC, warfarin, antacids. SE..GI discomfort, HA, rash, fever |
| food reactions- antibiotic groups | tetrcyclines..milk, cheese, antacids. quinolones..dairy, peanuts, vege's, antacids |
| contraindications c most antibiotics | allergy, pregnancy |
| DOC for MRSA | vancomycin |
| why choose a macrolide- (zithromax) | less frequent dosing, fewer GI side effects |
| acyclovir(zovirax), SE | transient burning when applied topically |
| DOC for suppressing HSV, chickenpox, shingles | acyclovir (zovirax) |
| antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV/AIDS | AZT, ADV, retrovir, crixivan, zidovudine, viramune, viread |
| when to switch HIV meds | intolerable toxicity, bone marrow suppression |
| therapeutic effects of antivirals, (vir drugs) | impair replication so viral concentrations are small enough for immune system to eliminate |
| how antivirals work | keep virus from binding to host cell, stimulate immune system to kill virus |
| when to start antivirals | c in 72 hours |
| effectiveness of antivirals | only during replication can they be effective |
| viral infections | flu, warts, herpes, resp. infections, hepatitis, HIV |
| TB meds- most common | *INH, rifampin, rifabutin, streptomycin |
| vit b12 deficiency in TB pt's causes what | numbness, tingling of extremities |
| TB tx's last how long | 12-24 mo. |
| prophylactic tx for TB | given to family members for 1 year to prevent developement of TB. given INH |
| rifabutin (antituberculin drug)-SE | urine, feces, saliva, sputum, sweat, tears, -red-orange, red-brown |
| rifampin (antituberculin drug)-SE | secretions, urine, sweat, is red |
| streptomycin (aminoglycoside antibiotic) used for what c TB | infections |
| signs of Tb improvement | decrease in symptoms- cough, fever, wt loss, negative culture, good chest x-ray |
| OCP efficacy rt TB | greatly reduced |
| INH interactions | antacids reduce absorption |
| INH can cause | pyridoxine deficiency (vit b-12) and liver toxicity |
| multidrug therapy rt TB | used after 1st line drug failure |
| amphotericin B treating vaginal yeast, teaching | gloves for topical admin., abstain from intercourse until tx complete, infection gone,continue meds during menses, monitor wt gain.. (indicates renal failure) |
| DOC for severe systemic fungal infection | amphotericin B |
| vermox, used to treat what | many types of roundworm |
| vermox- expected SE | diarrhea, abdominal pain. don't want to stop diarrhea! |
| quinine and tetracycline- why use together | to treat malaria |
| NSAID's | ASA, APAP, ibuprofen, toradol |
| NSAID's contraindications | allergy, bleeding conditions, pregnancy |
| NSAID's interactions | alcohol, anticoagulants, aspirin, hypotensive agents, diuretics |
| NSAID's effects | relieves pain,inflammation, gout, reduce fever,inhibit platelet aggregation |
| NSAID's SE | gastrointestinal, mild heartburn, severe hemorrhage |
| salicylate poisoning effects | tinnitis, hearing loss |
| ASA contraindications | bleeding disorders, vit k deficiencies, children under 12, children c flu-like symptoms |
| salicylate poisoning tx | induce vomiting, activated charcoal, vit k |
| antigout med | zyloprim |
| gold therapy | combination tx for arthritis, aurothioglucose (solganol), gold sodium thiomalate (myochrysine) |
| therapeutic response to anti-inflammatory | decreased pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness in joints, stone formation in kidneys |
| nosocomial infections | hospital acquired, more difficult to treat, organisms are more drug resistant |
| antiseptics | inhibit the growth of organisms s necessarily killing them, applied to living tissue |
| disinfectants | kill organisms on nonliving objects |
| iodine-allergy | ask if allergic to seafood |
| tests for toxicity to gold tx | CBC, urinalysis, kidney and liver function test |
| common reactions to immunizations | fever, soreness at injection site |
| admin what med to someone bitten by poisonous spider | antivenom |
| DOC for chickenpox | acyclovir, (zovirax) |
| drugs that decrease or prevent an immune response | immunosuppressants |
| immunosuppressants are primarily indicated for what | prevention of organ rejection |
| prevents kidney transplant rejection and is an adjunct med for RA | imuran |
| labs to check c imuran | hgb, hct, WBC, platelet count, if leucocyte below 3000, discontinue med |
| cutaneous, GI, inhalation | bioterrorism routes of exposure |
| drugs to treat bioterrorism | anthrax- ciprofloxacin and dicloxacillinbotulism-antitoxins |
| cisplatin (platinol) | wide spectrum cancer drug, contains platinum, tx for solid tumors, such as bladder, testicular, ovarian cancers |
| extravasation at IV site c antineoplastic meds | vesicants may lead to massive permanent tissue damage to nerves, tendons, muscles, should use a central venous cath instead of IV |
| neutropenia s/s | fever, chills, tachycardia, abnormal breath sounds, productive cough, c purulent green, or rust colored sputum, change in color of urine, lethargy, confusion |
| reduction of absolute neutrophil count below 1000mm3 | neutropenia |
| prevention of infection due to neutropenia | utilize protective isolation, stay away from crowds, or people who are sick, wear mask |
| stomatitis s/s | pain, burning in the mouth, difficulty swallowing, taste changes, dryness, cracking, and/or fissures c or s bleeding of mucosa |
| interleukin therapy is indicated for | tx of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and now for metastatic melanoma |
| interleukin therapy can cause | capillary leak syndrome |
| capillary leak syndrome is | capillaries lose the ability to retain vital colloids, (albumin, protein) results in massive fluid retention-20-30lbs |
| not to be admin c chemo | interleukin therapy |
| filgrastim, pegfilgrastim, sargramostim | colony stimulating factors (CSF) |
| colony stimulating factors do what | reduce duration of chemo-induced anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, reduce bone marrow recovery time after transplantation or radiation |
| epoetin alfa (procrit) | primarily responsible for formation of erythrocytes (RBC) |
| adalimumab (humira) | for severe cases of RA that have failed other meds including methotrexate |
| teaching of cancer drugs | report oncologic emergencies, avoid foods containing citric acid and avoid alcohol,avoid ASA, due to bleeding tendencies, alopecia is expected, stomatitis is common, use good oral care, GI issues are heartburn, N/V |
| oncologic emergencies | report-black tarry stools, chills, fever, sore throat, swollen tongue, bleeding gums, cough, changes in bladder function and in GI or bowel patterns, blood in stool |
Created by:
echilders
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