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Field Music History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe an 18th century fife. | cylindrical bore; ferrules on either end made of brass or pewter (kept from cracking in var. weather); embouchure hole; cork; six holes; 2 1/2 to 3 octaves depending instrument and ability of musician |
| Describe an 18th century military field drum. | made with wood shells and hoops, animal skin heads, and gut snares; carried on sling; sticks or mallets used to beat drum in rudimentary style |
| Describe an 18th century military horn. | similar to natural horn and hunting horns in Europe; light infantry company used bugles; natural trumpet cylindrical bore tube, bugle conical bore tube curled once; late 18th c. no valve to modify pitch; controlled pitch with embouchure; 5 notes |
| How did use of musical instruments for martial purposes originally spread to Europe? | After crusades of 11th/12th century, mercenaries returning to Europe encouraged use for military purposes. |
| Which European country first standardized martial music? When? | Switzerland; 14th century |
| In the 17th and 18th centuries, what are some occasions that might require a trumpet? | civil announcements, concerts, militia drill, calls to worship, town celebrations, communication on ships |
| Which group produced the earliest trumpet music in the early colonies? What types of music did this work include? | Moravians; chorales, marches, and minuets |
| What was the primary instrument used to communicate by the Continental Army during the American War for Independence? | military field drum |
| What was the collection of music that 18th century field musicians were required to know? | The Duty |
| Name several tunes included in "The Duty". | Dinner Call, Parley, To Arms, The Rogues March, Cease Fire, Roast Beef |
| How did the field musicians communicate the orders and directives of their leaders? | Short musical phrase for order or directive- soldiers responded to calls on battlefield and daily life. |
| What position did General Washington create to standardize and ensure the proficiency of the Continental Army's field musicians? | Inspector and Superintendent of Music of the Army |
| Who wrote, "good musick is not only ornamental to an Army, but so absolutely so essential that the [maneuver] cannot be performed in a regular manner without it." | Brigadier General William Heath |
| Trumpeters were always included in which type of unit? | Dragoon |
| During the early 19th century, the US borrowed their bugle calls from what country? | France |
| When did the bugle become a symbol of the infantry? | Civil War |
| Historically, who were the field musicians? | young boys following their fathers; men who could not fire weapons; Native Americans, African Americans; Bi-Racial mulatto men |
| Which country used fife and drum corps as an integral part of their military until the end of WWII? | Germany |
| How did modern fife and drum corps evolve from field musicians of the Civil War? | As field musicians traveled home in 18th/19th c., many started veteran corps in their hometowns. Developed close ties with communities, formed fife and drum corps of 1950s/1960s |
Created by:
bp0102
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