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Aerosol Therapy Ex 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is body humidity? | Absolute humidity in a volume of gas saturated at body temperature (37 C); equivalent to 44 mg/L of water in air |
| What is absolute humidity? | Actual content of water vapor in as gas sample; expressed in mg/L |
| What is relative humidity? | Ratio of actual water vapor present in a gas to the capacity of the gas to hold vapor at a given temperature |
| What is condensation? | Change of state from a gas to liquid |
| What is humidity deficit? | Amount of water the respiratory tract actually contributes to reach 100% RH |
| What is Brownian Movement? | Random movement of molecules |
| What is a humidifier? | Device that transform liquid into vapor, gaseous water, or molecular water |
| What is capillary action? | A phenomenon in which liquid in a small tube moves upward, against gravity |
| What is evaporation? | Change in state of a substance from liquid to gaseous state occurring below its boiling point |
| What is BTPS? | Body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated |
| What is the body temperature for BTPS? | 37 C |
| What is the ambient pressure for BTPS? | 760 mmHg at sea level |
| What is the saturation for BTPS? | 100% RH at 44 mg/L |
| What is the water vapor pressure for BTPS? | 47 mmHg |
| What is the primary goal of humidity/ bland aerosol therapy? | To maintain normal physiological conditions in the lower airways |
| What are the indications for humidity/ bland aerosol therapy? | Supply increased levels of humidity to dry (anhydrous) medical gases, bypassed upper airway (ETT tube/ trach), upper airway edema, bronchial hygiene, sputum induction |
| What is the Isothermic Saturation Boundary (ISB)? | The point where inspired gas reaches BTPS |
| Where is the ISB normally located? | 5 cm below the carina |
| What factors can cause the ISB to shift? | Breathing through the mouth instead of the nose, cold dry air, upper airway bypassed, higher minute ventilation |
| How are temperature and humidity affected above the ISB? | Temperature and humidity decrease during inspiration and increase during expiration |
| How are temperature and humidity affected below the ISB? | Temperature and humidity remain constant |
| What are the hazards of inhaling dry gases? | Retained secretions, mucus plugging, and airway irritation |
| How does increased temperature affect the performance of a humidifier? | Increased capacity for water vapor |
| How does increased surface area affect the performance of a humidifier? | Increased evaporation |
| How does increased contact time affect the performance of a humidifier? | Increased evaporation |
| How does increased flow affect the performance of a humidifier? | Decreased time for evaporation to occur |
| What are the three primary types of humidifiers? | Bubble, Passover, and HME |
| How does a passover humidifier work? | Directs gas over the surface of a volume of water |
| How does a bubble humidifier work? | Gas flows down into a reservoir of water through a hollow tube with a diffusing element at the bottom, diffuser breaks down gas flow into tiny bubbles, as the bubbles float to the surface, they pick up humidification by way of evaporation |
| How does an HME humidifier work? | Most often a passive humidifier that has been described as an “artificial nose”, captures exhaled heat and moisture, which is then applied to the subsequent inhalation, three types: simple, hygroscopic, and hydroscopic |
| What are the contraindications for humidity/bland aerosol therapy? | Bronchoconstriction, history of airway hyperresponsiveness |
| What are the hazards associated with humidity therapy? | Wheezing or bronchospasm, swelling of inspissated secretions, infection, overhydration, airway burns, caregiver exposure, electric shock |
| What are the indications for delivery cool humidified gas? | Upper airway edema: croup, epiglottitis, post extubation stridor |
| What is the simplest form of a room humidifier? | Passover; simple reservoir - open pan of water |
| What are the five O2 delivery devices? | Nasal cannula, simple mask, NRB, partial rebreather, venti mask |
| What is the LPM on a nasal cannula? | 1/4 - 6 LPM |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for a nasal cannula? | 24-44% |
| What is the LPM for a simple mask? | 5-10 LPM |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for a simple mask? | 35-55% |
| What is the LPM for a partial rebreather? | 10-15 LPM |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for a partial rebreather? | 60-80% |
| What is the LPM on a NRB? | 10-15 LPM |
| What is the FiO2 capacity on an NRB? | 80-100% |
| What is the LPM on an Air Entrainment Mask (Venti Mask)? | Variable |
| What is the FiO2 capacity for an Air Entrainment Mask (Venti Mask)? | 24-50% |
| How do you calculate relative humidity? | Content/Capacity x 100 |
| How do you calculate the humidity deficit? | Content (body) - Content (ambient) |
| What is the liter flow when adding humidity to a nasal cannula? | > 4 LPM |
| What humidifier is referred to as an artificial nose? | HME |
| How long can an HME be used for? | 96 hours |
Created by:
ashconrad417
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