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Chapter 20&22
Pharm 20&22 "psychotropic"
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| __________________, refers to any substance that acts on the mind. | Psychotropic |
| Psychotropic medicines are drugs that can exert a therapeutic effect on a person's_________________________, ______________, or ________. | mental processes, emotions, or behavior |
| The five classes of psychotropic medicines are? "Psycho" | 1)Central Nervous system stimulant 2) antidepressants 3)anxiolytic 4) antimanic 5) antipsychotic |
| What is the only over the counter (OTC) drug proven safe and effective in helping fight fatigue and drowsiness? | Caffeine |
| Excessive consumption of caffeine, especially with alcohol or other drugs can lead to life threatening _____________, ___________, __________. | Irregular heartbeats, Heart Attack, and Seizures |
| CNS Stimulates are given for the purpose of? | Promoting CNS function or CNS dysfunction |
| Using CNS stimulants with the use of MAOI's could cause? | hypertensive crisis |
| This type of medication increases concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine by monoamine oxidase enzyme inhabitation. | MAOI's |
| This class of medications are useful for short term treatment of anxiety disorders, psychosomatic disorders, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal. | Anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines) |
| Name three Benzodiazepines/Anxiolytics medications | alprazolam(Xanax) diazepam (Valium) lorazepam (Ativan) |
| Anxiolytics/Benzodiazepines should not be taken long term because? | it can cause tolerance and physical dependence |
| Some side effects of Anxiolytics/Benzodiazepines are? | Bizarre behavior, depression, ataxia, hallucinations, tremors, fall risk, sensitivity to sunlight |
| Patients should be taught to avoid ________________ juice when taking Benzodiazepines/Anxiolytics. | Grapefruit |
| Patients should be taught to use good oral hygiene, when taking phenytoin/Dilantin because it can? | Cause Gingivitis (inflamed gums) |
| ________________________, is the only OTC drug proven safe and effective in helping fight fatigue and drowsiness. | Caffeine |
| Name two OTC caffeine meds. | Nodoz and Vivarin |
| Cafcit is prescription Caffeine also known as? | Caffeine Citrate |
| Abrupt discontinuation of caffeine can cause what withdrawal signs? | Headaches, Anxiety, Irritation, Nervousness, Dissiness |
| CNS stimulants accelerates activity, so some side effects would be? | Nervousness, insomnia, irritability, tachycardia, palpations, and hypertension. Unusual one to watch for is DILATED PUPILS W/PHOTOPHOBIA. |
| Antidepressants treat patients with various types of? | Depression disorders |
| Some foods can cause Hypertensive crisis while taking MAOIs. You would teach a pt to avoid what types of foods? | Yogurt, cheeses, sour cream, CHICKEN LIVERS, MEAT TENDERIZERS, CORNED BEEF, salami, pepperoni (aged meats) |
| These types of medications are used to reduce the number or severity of seizures in patients with epilepsy. | Anticonvulsants |
| Antidepressant medication, that involves increasing concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the neuronal synapse by in habiting the MAO enzyme that degrades or breaks down these neurotransmitters. | MAOI's known as Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors |
| Name three MAOI, meds "Hint" No Popular Meds! | Nardil--No Parnate--Popular Marplan --Meds |
| MAIOs cannot be give until ________ weeks after __________, and other interacting drugs have been discontinued. | 2 weeks, tricyclics |
| Side effects Of MAOIs are? | Headache, stiff neck, tachycardia, HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS(can be fatal), chest pain, insomnia |
| Antidepressants have 5 catagories, what are they? "Hint"AuntieD's, Tricycles Move So Slow, Help! | Tricyclic antidepressant, Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors(MAOIs), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors(SSRIs), Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs) and Heterocyclic antidepressant |
| _____________, are considered to be the first-line medications for treatment of depression. They are preferred because they have fewer side effects. | SSRIs - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
| Two SSRI medications are called? "remember the generic names end in "ine or pram" | PROZAC/fluoxetine ZOLOFT/sertraline |
| SSRIs selectively block the reabsorption of the____________________. | Neurotransmitter serotonin |
| Some of the side effects of SSRI include....(one unusual) "Hint" Sexy Steve Ran In | SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, INSOMNIA, anorexia, diarrhea, anxiety, dizziness |
| SNRIs are antidepressant meds that inhibit the reuptake of both __________,and _______________. | Serotonin and norepinpehrine |
| SNRI medication names are? | Cymbalta/duloxetine Effexor/ venlafaxine |
| SNRIs are also effective in patients with chronic pain associated with_________, ______________, and _____________________. | Neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal pain. |
| Heterocyclic antidepressants(2nd generation) have different effects on ______________, ________________, and ____________. | Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin |
| Side effects of Heterocyclic antidepressants are? | Drowsiness, Dry mouth, weight gain, anxiety, insomnia, PRIAPISM or IMPOTENCE-Discontinue the drug |
| Anxiolytics/Benzodiazepines are minor __________________. "Anxious Ben!" | Tranquilizers |
| Anxiolytics are used for SHORT-TERM treatment of what? | Anxiety disorders, some psychosomatic disorders, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal |
| Antianxiety medications are benzodiazepines such as? | Xanax/alprazolam Ativan/lorazepam |
| Antianxiety/Anxiolytic medications should not be taken long-term because? | It can cause tolerance and physical and psychological dependence. |
| Sudden withdrawal of prolonged use of Anxiolytic meds may result in? | Seizures, agitation, psychosis, insomnia, and gastric distress |
| Side effects of Benzodiazepines are? | Bizarre Behavior, Depression, ATAXIA, EXTRAPYRIDAMAL |
| You should not drink grapefruit juice with what kind of meds? | Anxiolytics/Benzodiazepines *drinking grapefruit with these can increase the effects |
| alprazolam=Xanax lorazepam=Ativan diazepam =Valium Are what kind of medications? | Benzodiazepines/Anxiolytics (these end in "am") |
| SSRIs block or inhibit serotonin ______________. | reabsorption |
| Phenothiazine antipsychotics work by blocking _____________receptors. | Dopamine |
| Tricyclic antidepressants potentiation of norepinephrine and serotonin activity by _______________their reuptake. | Blocking |
| What Alters Dopamine release? | amantiADine "A-alters D-dopamine" |
| Lithium is used to treat patients with ________________disorders. | Bipolar disorder |
| Bipolar disorders are treated ______________with lithium. | Prophylaxis |
| When a patient is being treated with Lithium, a maintenance dose is found by monitoring ____________ ______________. | Blood levels |
| What is the lithium level range? | 0.8 to1.2 |
| Patients taking lithium may experience extreme __________ and drink a lot of fluids, resulting in frequent urination or______________. | Thirst Polyuria |
| Some side effects of Lithium include? | Cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, THIRST AND POLYURIA, tremors, thyroid problems. |
| There are ____________ and _____________ antipsychotics. | typical and atypical |
| Zyprexa is a ______________antipsychotic, and that block both serotonin and dopamine receptors. This results in less potential for_________________effects. | Atypical Adverse effects |
| What is the number 1 drug problem in the US? | Alcohol |
| Prolonged use or chronic drinking causes liver____________, ____________, ___________________, ____________________. | liver damage, pancreatitis, gastritis, ulceration, and hemorrhage |
| What is the treatment for alcohol poisoning? | treat the cerebral edema with DIURETICS treat electrolyte imbalance with IV FLUIDS Threat the delirium with BENZODIAZEPINGS SUCH AS LIBRIUM |
| What are the signs of alcohol poisoning? | Respiratory problems, vomiting, seizures, cerebral edema, electrolyte imbalance, and delirium |
| Consists of the combination of all four of the following phenomea: tolerance, psychological dependence, physical dependence, and withdrawal syndrome with psychological effects. This is a sign of________________ _______________. | Drug addiction |
| Drug ___________, consists of psychological dependence only. | habituation |
| What prescription drugs are most often abused by medical personnel? | Hydrocodone, oxycodone, and BDZs |
| Name some of the street names for methamphetamines. | Crystal, crank, ice, meth, speed |
| Symptoms of chronic amphetamine abuse include. | PHOTOPHOBIA, AMNESIA, emotional liability, paranoid syndrome, anorexia |
| Side effects of marijuana use. | REDUCED TESTOSTERONE LEVEL AND SPERM COUNT, lethargy, apathy, impaired learning |
| Side effects of cocaine use. | euphoria, agitation, hypertension, chest pain, tachycardia, CARDIAC FAILURE, POSSIBLE VIOLENT BEHAVIOR, respiratory failure, STROKE, PERORATED NASAL SEPTUM from prolong use. |
| ________________ drugs produce bizarre mental reactions and distortion of physical senses. | Hallucinogens |
| Side effects of hallucinogens are | RISE IN BP AND TEMPERATURE, FLASHBACKS, PANIC, PSYCHOTIC EPISODES |
| ______________, is an illegal drug of a different type, is potent BDZ that is approved for use in Central and South America for ethanol withdrawal. (Not approved in the US) | ROHYPNOL=Flunitrazepam |
| Illegal drug sometimes use to offset cocaine withdrawal, has the title "date rape drug" to inducing amnesia. | ROHYPNOL |
| What is the role of the Medical Personnel in combating drug abuse? | Knowledge of psychotropic drugs, action and side effects Giving competent care to those under the influence of drugs in a nonjudgmental way. Recognizing drug abuse and making appropriate referrals, Record keeping of controlled stocks of drugs. |
| These are used to reduce the number or severity of seizures in patients with epilepsy. | Anticonvulsants |
| A recurrent paroxysmal disorder of brain function characterized by sudden attacks of altered consciousness, motor activity or sensory impairment. | Epilepsy |
| Some of the causes of epilepsy can include ____________________, _______________, __________________, and ________________. | Cerebral trauma, intracranial infection, intoxication, or hypoglycemia |
| Tonic-colonic seizures are also known as __________________ seizures or __________________ seizures. | Grand mal Generalized |
| ________________________ seizures are characterized by an abrupt loss of consciousness and falling, with tonic extension of trunk and extremities, followed by alternating contractions and relaxation of the muscles. | Tonic-clonic |
| Theses seizures usually last 2-5 minutes and urinary and fecal incontinence may occur. | Tonic- clonic |
| Seizures that are prolonged or so frequent that the patient does not regain consciousness between seizures, this condition is called? | status epilepticus |
| _________________ ____________________, is considered to be a true neurologic emergency. | status epilepticus |
| The treatment to "status epilepticus is________________________. | IV lorazepam( Ativan) administered slowly. |
| Absence epilepsy is characterized by ____________________loss of ___________ with NO falling or non-convulsive and usually occurs___________. | 10-20second (loss) Consciousness Children |
| _____________________, are the most common childhood seizure disorder. | Febrile seizures |
| Febrile seizures may signify a serious underlying acute infection such as, ___________ or _____________________. | Sepsis or Bacterial meningitis |
| Partial seizures are also known as ____________________ ____________. | psychomotor epilepsy |
| _______________seizures (also known as temporal lobe seizures), the onset is limited to one cerebral hemisphere and involves no loss of consciousness. | Partial seizures |
| _________________ seizures affect only one side of the body. Some patients my have mixed seizure patterns combining more than one type. It is important to observe/report type and length | Unilateral seizures |
| A chronic neurological disorder characterized by fine, slowly spreading muscle tremors, rigidity, and generalized slowness of movement called bradykinesia. "shuffling gait" | Parkinson's Disease (PD) |
| Is there a cure for Parkinson's Disease? What would be the treatment? | There is no cure, treatments would be palliative( relieve symptoms without curing.) |
| ___________ _______________ are commonly used to delay the onset of levodopa-caused motor complications in Parkinson's Disease. | Dopamine Agonists |
| _______________________ ______________, are used to treat tremors associated with PD. | Anticholinergic Agents |
| _______________________, act in the body by slowing the body systems down except the heart which has to work harder to keep things going. They act by drying or decreasing all body secretions. | Anticholinergics |
| These drugs dry up systems. | Anticholinergics |
| Side effects of Anticholinergics include? "Remember they dry up" | Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia |
| Anticholinergics are used to treat what? | Parkinson-like tremors associated with long-term use of antipsychotics. |
| Patients taking antiparkinsonian drugs should by taught several weeks of drug therapy may be required before ________________ is seen. | benefit |
| Restless leg syndrome is a ___________________ ________________ disorder characterized by a distressing urge to move the legs. | Sensorimotor neurologic |
| Restless leg syndrome is treated with what meds? | Neurontin, opioids and benzos |
| _____________________, aggravates RLS symptoms. | Antihistamines |
| Medications used to treat Alzheimer's Disease include: | Rivastigmine(Exelon) Galantamine(Razadyne) Memantine(Namenda) |
| What is the drug of choice to treat patients with bipolar disorder? | Lithium |
Created by:
Ashleybit4
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