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Infection Control
Fundamentals of Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens, resulting in disease? | Infection |
| What is the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage? | Colonization |
| What type of disease can be transmitted directly from one person to another? | Communicable disease |
| What are the links in the chain of infection? | Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host |
| True or False: The presence of a pathogen guarantees an infection will occur? | False |
| How can the transmission of transient microorganisms be prevented? | Hand hygiene |
| What type of bacteria require oxygen to survive? | Aerobic bacteria |
| What type of bacteria do not require oxygen to survive? | Anaerobic bacteria |
| What form of bacteria are resistant to drying and can live on inanimate objects for a long time? | Spore |
| What is the ideal temperature for most human pathogens? | 20-43 degrees Celsius (68-109 degrees Fahrenheit) |
| What is the preferred pH for microbes? | 5.0-7.0 |
| What is the major mode of transmission for pathogens in the health care setting? | Unwashed hands of health care workers |
| What does susceptibility depend on? | An individual's degree of resistance to pathogens |
| What are S/S for a localized infection? | Pain, tenderness, warmth, and redness |
| What is supportive therapy for a localized infection? | Providing adequate nutrition and rest |
| True or False: Normal flora don't usually cause disease | True |
| What develops when a broad-spectrum antibiotic eliminates a wide range of normal flora? | A superinfection |
| What is the purpose of inflammation? | To neutralize infection or necrotic tissue |
| What are S/S of inflammation? | Swelling, redness, heat, pain, and loss of function |
| What are S/S of systemic inflammation? | Fever, increased WBCs, malaise, anorexia, N/V, lymph node enlargement, and/or organ failure |
| Describe serous exudate. | Clear |
| What does sanguineous exudate contain? | Erythrocytes |
| What does purulent exudate contain? | Leukocytes |
| How is exudate usually cleared? | Through the lymphatic drainage system |
| What are the stages of an infection? | Incubation period, prodormal stage, illness stage, and convalescence |
| What are exogenous infections? | Infections that come from microogranisms found outside the individual (e.g., Salmonella) |
| What are endogenous infections? | Infections that occur when part of the patient's flora becomes altered and overgrowth results (e.g., streptococci) |
| What is immune senescene? | An age-related functional deterioration in immune funciton |
| How does stress affect the immune system? | By increasing cortisone levels, which decreases resistance to infection |
| What are medications that can increase susceptibility to infection? | Steroids |
| Where are localized infections more common? | Areas of skin or mucous membrane breakdown |
| When can systemic infections develop? | After treatment for a localized infection has failed |
| What should you monitor if you suspect a systemic infection is developing? | Changes in level of consciousness |
| True or False: You should start antibiotics before drawing labs if you suspect an infection. | False |
| In planning treatment, which takes priority: Administering therapies to promote wound healing or educating the patient to assume self-care? | Adminstering therapies to promote wound healing |
| What measures do systemic infections require in acute care? | Measures to prevent complications from fever |
| What measures do localized infections require in acute care? | Measures to assist removal of debris to promote healing |
| When does an object become contaminated? | When it comes into contact with a potentially infectious material |
| What is clean technique? | Medical asepsis |
| What process eliminates many or all microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores? | Disinfection |
| What process eliminates all forms of microbial life? | Sterilization |
| How should a women clean her perineal area? | From the urinary meatus toward the rectum |
| If you were looking to clear an object of bacterial spores, which cleaning process should you use? | Sterilization |
| True or False: Handwashing kills microorganisms. | False |
| What isolation procedure should be used on all patients? | Standard Precautions |
| Which isolation procedure requires that you wear a surgical mask when you're within 3 feet of the patient? | Droplet precautions |
| Which isolation procedure requires that a room be equipped with a negative air flow and all health care personnel wear an N95 respirator? | Airborne precautions |
Created by:
shrewsbury_sd
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