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WR--Islam #2
DSST World Religions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abu Bakr | The first of the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs, he was an early believer and follower of Mohammed who became a close advisor to him. He became the first successor to Mohammed following Mohammed's death. |
| Ali | After Mohammed's death, the first major split among Moslems occured because he thought the caliphate should have gone to him since he was Mohammed's closest male relative. After his murder in 660, his followers split and became known as Shiites. |
| Ayatollah | A Shiite who is learned in Sharia, Koran, and the Hadith, and who is known for their piety. This person is considered by his followers as the most learned person of his time period, which gives him the authority to make independent judgments. |
| Caliph | The title used by the people who took over the leadership of the Umma after the death of Mohammed. They are not the spiritual leader of the community nor are they a prophet like Mohammed. |
| David | Islam views this Biblical king as a prophet. |
| Dervish | A Sufi ascetic, in the Muslim tradition. |
| fakir | literally “poor man”; member of a Muslim monastic order such as Sufism |
| Four Rightly Guided Caliphs | These are Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. They are the first four leaders of Islam after the death of Mohammed. They took the title "caliph" to make it clear that they were not a prophet like Mohammed. |
| Hadith | One of various reports describing the words, actions, or habits of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. |
| Islamist | A person seeking to establish Islamic states in which the rule of God is supreme. |
| Jinn | Spiritual creatures in pre-Islamic Arabia. Some could be friendly; others were hostile and demonic. "Genies" |
| Moghul Empire | Muslim rule of portions of India between the 16th and 18th centuries AD. |
| Mullah | In Sunni Islam, a scholar who is learned in the Sharia. |
| Seal of the Prophets | Mohammed is the final prophet-- in the line of Islamic prophets that goes back through Jesus, David, and Moses to Adam. The teachings Allah gave through him--the Koran-- are the final revelation to humanity. |
| shirk | The sin of believing in any divinity except the one God, in Islam. |
| Sufism | The mystical and ascetic path in Islam. |
| sura | The Arabic term for a chapter in the Koran. |
| Zakat | Almsgiving. Spiritual tithing in Islam. |
| Abrahamic religions | Judaism, Christianity, & Islam are called this because they trace their history to the Covenant God made with Abraham |
| salat | 5 daily prayers recited int he direction of Mecca |
| sawm | fasting during Ramadan |
| Wahhabi | first modern Islamic fundamentalist and extremists linked to Taliban and Osama bin Laden |
| Muslim Brotherhood | largest Islamic political group and most influential fundamental movement that promotes full implementation of Islamic law |
| Baha'i | began as a sect of Islam by Baha'u'llah & emphasizes unity of all people. |
| Injil (injeel) | the Arabic name for the Gospel of Jesus. It is described by the Qur'an as one of the four Islamic holy books revealed by God |
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pinetreeacademy
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