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American Studies
Chapter 2-8 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nationalism | national pride or loyalty |
| Monroe Doctrine | President James Monroe's Statement that the US would not interferein European colonies in Latin America but would consider any new attempt to colonize in the Western Hemisphere an act of hostility (1823) |
| American System | Plan developed by Henry Clay for raising tariffs to pay for internal improvments such as roads and canals |
| Missouri Compromise | Agreement propsed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the unio as a slave state, Maine to enter as a free state and banned slavey in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36 30 line (1820) |
| Democratic Party | Political Party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the presidential election of 1824 |
| Cottin Gin | Device developed by Eli Whitney in 1793 to separate short-staple cotton seeds from the bolls |
| Trail of Tears | 800 mile forced march the cherokee made from their homeland in the southeast to indian Territory in Present- day Oklahoma: resulted in the deaths of almost one quarter of the tribes member |
| Underground railroad | Network of abolitionists who helped slaves escape to the North and Canada |
| Second Great Awakening | Evangelical religious movement the spread through the US beginning in 1800's |
| Susan B. Anthony | campaigned for property rights for women in NY |
| Manifest Destiny | Belief of many Americans in mid- 1800's that God intended the US to expand westward |
| Mexican Cession | Land that Mexico gave to the US after the Mexican war through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo;includes present day california nevada and utah as well as parts of Arizona , Colorado, New Mexico , Texas , Wyoming |
| Texas Revolution | (1835-1836) Revolt agianst Mexico by American Settlers and Tejanos in Texas |
| Compromise of 1850 | Agreement proposed by Henry Clay allowed California to enter the union as a free state and divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into 2 territories where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignity; also settled land claims between Texas and New Me |
| Republican Party | Political Party formedin 1854 by antislavery Whigs and democrats along with some free soilers |
| Dred Scott Decision | (1857)Supreme Court ruling that african americans were not US citizens that the missouri Compromises restriction on slavery was unconstitutional and congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any federal territory |
| Confederate States of America | nation formed by seceding Southern States in 1861 |
| Fort Sumter | Charleston Sc; major port city |
| Emancipation Proclamation | (1863) order announcedby president Lincoln in 1862 that freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the union |
| Battle of Antietam | (1862) Union Victory in maryland during the civil war; marked the bloodiest single day battle in US military History |
| Gettysburg Address | (1863) speech given by Loncol to dedicate a cemetary in battlefield in gettsburg ; democratic ideals |
| Robert E Lee | born in 1807 in virginia; Confederate army leader |
| Strategies of War | better forces |
| Opposition of War | death of people |
| Reconstruction | period following the civil war during which the US gov worked to rebuild the former confederate states and reunite the nation |
| Lincoln's Assination | died on April 14 1865 ,killed by John Wilks |
| John Wilks | confederate sympathyizer |
| Andrew Johnsons Impeachment | wouldnt cooperate pass the 10 year office act in 1867 |
| KKK | secret society created by former confederate in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep african americans from obtaining their civil rights |
| Poll taxes | taxes people pay to vote |
| Literacy Tests | used to prevent people who could not read from voting |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws that enforced segragation in south |
| Plessy and Ferguson | "separate but equal" doctrine for public facilities |
| Sitting Bull | Lakota siox, Tatanka iyotake |
| George Armstrong Custer | June 25 1876 600 indian members reached indian camp |
| Battle of Little Big Horn | US and siox war, George armstrong Custer |
| Massacre at Wounded Knee | Army's killing about 300 Sioux |
| Homestead Act | law that encouraged settlement in west by giving gov owned land to small features |
| Steel inovations | Bessemer process |
| Oil Inovations | Edwin L Drake ; drill for oil |
| Patent | Exclusive right to manufacture or sell invention |
| Transcontinental railroad | Railroad that crossed the continental railroad ; completed in 1869 |
| Wright Brothers | First working airplanes |
| Samuel Morse | telegraph |
| Alexander Graham Bell | March 1876 telephone |
| Thomas Edison | 1869 electronic vote recorder |
| Capitalism | economic system in which private business runs most industries and competition determines how much goods cost and workers are paid |
| Free Enterprise | Belief that the economy will prosper if businesses are left free from gov regulation and allowed to compete in a free market |
| Communism | political theory that proposes that all people should collecively own property and the means of production and that individual ownership should not be allowed |
| Social Darwinson | theory adapted by phiosopher Herbert Spencer from charles darwins theory of evolution argued that society progresses through competition with the fittest rising to positions of wealth and power |
| Corporation | company that sells shares of ownership called stock to investors in order to raise money |
| Trust | Arrangments grouping several companies under a single board of directors to eliminate competition and to regulate production |
| Monopoly | Exclusive economic control of an industry |
| Vertical Integration | Ownership of business involved in each strep of manufacturing process |
| Horizontal Integration | Ownership of several companies producimg same product |
| Mass marketing | ways of persuading customers |
| Department Stores | sells variety of product |
| Sherman antitrust Act | law prohibiting monopolies and trusts that restrained trade |
| American Federation of Labor | Union founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers for skilled workers |
| suburbs | residential neighbrhoods on outskirts of city |
| Nouveau Riche | Newly rich |
| Jane Addams | at the forefront of the american settlement ; doctor |
| Political machines | political parties that dominated local and state gov in late 1800 |
| Political Bosses | leaders of political machines |
| Kickbacks | payments of earnign for part of a job |
| Gilded Ages | Names applied by mark Twain and Charles dudley Warner to late 1800's America to describe the corruption and greed that lurked below surface |
| Interstate Commerce Act | law that regulated railroad shipping between states |
| William Mckinley | Ohio Governer Presidential canidate |
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