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Populations Unit 1
Ch. 1,2,3,8,9,10,11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to the ANA Code of Ethics, communiyt health nurses must align themselves with public health programs that promote and preserve the health of populations by influencing what? | Sociocultural issues, such as violation of human rights, homelessness, violence, and stigma of illness. |
| Define social health | a positive interaction among groups with an emphasis on health promotion and illness prevention. |
| Lillian Wald and her associates resolved that collective political activity should focus on advancing the health of aggregates and improving social and environmental conditions by... | addressing the social and environmental determinants of health such as child labor, pollution, and poverty |
| An example of community health service is... | Unsafe housing |
| ANA definition of comunity health focuses on what? | care to individuals, families, and groups within a community. |
| APHA definition of community health focuses on what? | care to the community as a whole. APHA considers the individual or single family only as PART of a risk group. |
| Indicators of mortality illustrate what? | the health status of a comunity and/or population. Changes may reflect a number of social, economic, health service, and reltated trends. |
| Indicators of mortality may be useful in what? | analyzing health patterns over time, comparing communities from different geographical regions, or comparing different aggregates within a community |
| Infectious diseases continue to result in death in many non-western countries because... | many people live in poverty and crowded living situations |
| Elizabethan Poor Law | parishes established workhouses to employ the poor. Orphaned and indigent children were considered wards of the parish and were often forced to work long hours and live in substandard housing that negatively impacted health |
| Edwin Chadwick's reprot on "an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Population of Great Britain" contributed to the development of what? | The General Board of Health for England |
| Edward Jenner discovered what? | Small Pox vaccine |
| The first visiting nurse in the U.S. and began the precurser to modern visiting nurses association was who? | Francis Root |
| Population-focused nursing care includes ... | people solving their own health problems and focuses resources and health programs in a way to improve the health of the entire population that includes individuals, families, and communities |
| Shattuck recommended major health reform that included what? | keeping vital stats, providing environmental control, food/drug/communicable disease control, well-infant/well-child/school-age child health programs, mental health care, vaccination, and health promotion |
| The Henry Streen Settlement was a model comprehensive health care center that provided many services including... | home visits to mothers and children, support services for immigrants, the first school health and industrial health programs |
| A major limitation of the Health Belief Model is what? | the bruden of responsibility for health behaviors is on the individual client |
| The goal of using theory to guide community health nursing practice is to... | improve nursing practive, thereby assuring quality care |
| Microscopic approach focuses on what? | the individual |
| Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory | based on individual self-care needs and explains the level of nursing interventions required to assist clients to obtain optimal health |
| Health Belief Model | offers indicators of the perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, and cues to action related to specific health behaviors |
| Milo's Framework Theory | demonstrates upstream conceptualization of understanding the community's health needs and resources, and complements the Health Belief Model |
| Critical Social Theory | exposes people to inequities in order to help them reach their full potential |
| Which nurse formulated the first theory-based conceptual model for nursing care? | Florence Nightengale |
| Client-centered case management... | assists the client through a complex, often fragmented and confusing, health care delivery system and achieves specific client-centered goals |
| Prospective Payment System (PPS) | health care providers receive a fixed amount of money based on cost of resources used within diagnosis-related groups. Other third party payers followed this example and negotiated reimbursement shceduled through preferred provider agreements |
| Study by Conti | identified communication, business knowledge (efficiency and effectiveness), and nursing clinical knowledge as the most frequently used skills |
| In the clinician role... | nursing case managers develop and manage the care plan for a patient or a population |
| New England Model | nurse is responsible for nursing care and monitor the cost from inpatient to home |
| Discharge Planner Model | RN patient care provider is the discharge planner working with a multidisciplinary team to plan patient care and expected outcomes |
| According to the ANA, nursing care management is a healthcare delivery process whose goals are... | to provide quality health care, decrease fragmentation, enhance the client's quality of life, and contain cost |
| Qualifications for medicare | 65+ years old, permanent disabilities, and/or ESRD |
| Unlike medicare, medicaid provides the following services | long-term care (nursing home and home health) and personal care (chores and homemaking) |
| The Public Health Act of 1944 provided for what? | Family planning, health services for migratory workers, nurse training acts |
| The Hill-Burton Act | authorized federal assistance in the construction of hospitals and health centers with stipulations about services for the uninsured |
| Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Acts (OBRA) | influenced funding for nursing homes, home health agencies, and hospitals and set up guidelines about several issues including a move from process to outcome evaluation, use of restraints, and precription drugs for medicaid patients |
| Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) | focuses on the problem of the loss of insurance when a person losses their job. Employers who terminate an employee must now continue benefits for the employee and dependents for a specified period of time if the employee had benefits before termination |
| Accreditation | a means to assess the quality of services and care of the organization with specific standards that must be met by an organization |
| Managed care has a direct influence on what? | what care is provided and by whom, where, when, and whether it is to be provided |
| 4 major categories of local health department services are | community health, environmental health, personal health, and mental health |
| Health maintenance organizations are... | health insurance plans developed in the early 1990s by employers to provide a more economical means of providing health care to employees |
| Cost containment measures are what? | those that focus on reducing the overal cost of healthcare to the individual |
| A major cause for the rise in health care cost is what? | Demand for complex and advanced services. It has been fueled by the presence of technologic advances, society's sense of entitlement ot those therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing medical orientation toward curative measures |
| Founder of the Red Cross | Clara Barton |
| Decisions on public policy are made by which part of the federal government? | legislative, executive, or judicial branches |
| Health policy | influences health care through monitoring, production, provision, and fiancing of health care services |
| The private sector includes ... | professional organizations, non-profit organizations, and corporations that deliver, insure, or fund health care services outside direct governement control |
| The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) assists nursing workforce development by ... | providing grants to provide for education and recruitment |
| Lobbyist | a person who voluntarily or, or for a fee, represents himself or herself or another individual, organization, or entity for the purpose of influencing policy or legislation |
| Political Action Committees (PACs) | formed by professional organizations, businesses, or labor groups that promote the election of candidates believed ot be sympathetic to their interests to particular health care issues |
| Nurse's involvement in policy can be achieved how? | conducting/supporting health policy research, becoming involved in discussions about health policy, working w/ health care professionals to influence change in the quality of health care, and writing letters to educate legislators about health care issues |
Created by:
msmith15
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