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Nutrition Ch. 10-14
Nutrition Chapter 10-14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does lactation affect caloric intake compared to pregnancy? | lactation leads to increased need for calories, more than during pregnancy |
| When should supplementation begin in prep for pregnancy? | at least one month in advanced |
| Why is it important for a women to have a healthy weight prior to pregnancy? | it makes conception easier, improves outcomes, and may facilitate breastfeeding |
| What is one way to prevent PKU babies from having mental retardations? | A special diet low in phenylalanine type of formula |
| What are the types of high risk maternity doctors? | Perinatologist |
| What is the recommended amt. of weight during the first trimester (3 mo.)? | 2--4 lbs |
| What accounts for a large percent of the weight gain during pregnancy? | increase of blood volume |
| What is an acceptable amt. of weight gain for an underweight mother? | 28-40 lbs |
| What is an acceptable amt. of weight gain for a normal weight mother? | 25-35 lbs |
| What is an acceptable amount of weight gain for an overweight mother? | 15-25 lbs |
| What is the acceptable amount of weight for an obese mother? | less than or equal to 15 lbs |
| What nutrient amount is increased largely for pregnant women? | Iron |
| What is the requirement for folate increase during the pregnancy? | folate by 50% |
| What are some affects of chronic or heavy alcohol drinking during pregnancy? | mental retardations, learning disabilities, and fetal alcohol syndrome |
| What high risk mothers should uses multivitamins and mineral supplements? | those who smoke, drink, abuse drugs, and carry multiples |
| How much Folic acid should be consumed to prevent neural tube defects? | 400 micrograms/day |
| Where can a person get folic acid from? | fortified cereals, or supplements |
| When should a mother eat foods such as (carbohydrates) crackers or toast to prevent morning sickness? | Before getting out of bed |
| What is a psychobehavioral disorders characterized by the ingestion of nonfood substances like dirt, clay or ice chips? | Pica |
| What are some risks or having pica? | lead poisoning, parasitic infections, toxemia |
| What is one reason that people get pica? | iron def. Anemia |
| what is the name of the thick, yellowish fluid milk that is secreted during the first few postpartum days? | colostrum |
| why is colostrum a benefit to the babies? | because its high in protein, minerals, and low in sugar, fat and calories. It is also rich in antibodies and anti-infective factors |
| What is the milk that is secreted at the beginning at each feeding and is lower in fat? | the foremilk |
| what is the milk that is secreted at the end of each feeding? | the hindmilk |
| What are some factors that impair letdown? | stress, smoking, drugs, lack of desire, infrequent feedings, lack of support |
| what percent of babies are breast fed? | almost 70%, about 30% at 6 mo., and 18% at 12 mo. |
| How long is breast feeding recommended ? | at least 12 months |
| What is the best way to monitor development of infants growth? | by weight for height |
| What time period is growth more rapid than in any other period in life? | during the first year of life |
| how much does the birth weight gain by 4-6 mo. In age? A year? | doubles in 4-6 mo., triples with in a year |
| what is the time frame for solid foods to be first introduced? | 4-6 mo. In age |
| what is one of the greatest hazards to formula feedings? | overfeeding |
| what is defined as an inadequate weight gain and or height in comparison to the standards? | Failure to thrive |
| What is the food most often choked on by children? | hotdogs then candies, nuts and grapes |
| How many exposures will it take a child to accept a new food? | 8-15 exposures |
| when do children typically go through a growth spurt? | 10 or 11 yrs old peaking at 12 yrs. |
| Why do adolescence need more iron? | because of expanding blood volume, and increase in muscle mass |
| what food are most likely to cause allergies? | milk, eggs, soy, peanuts, wheat, fish and shellfish |
| Do food additives cause ADD/ ADHD? | no, studies showed there is no correlation |
| Who is more likely to develop acute symptoms, chronic health problems and chronic disabilities? | women |
| why do men have shorter life spans? | partly b/c they are greater risk- takers |
| What group represents the fastest growing segment of the population yearly? | older adults 85+ |
| what is the current life expectancy? | 77yrs |
| how are the caloric needs affected as people age? | they decrease, but nutrient needs stay the same |
| what is the rule of thumb for caloric adjustments as people age? | upward/downward by approx. 25-30 cal/kg |
| How do you find the caloric range for an older adult? | multiply weight (kg) by 25 cal/kg and 30 cal/kg to get a range |
| how do you find the protein ranges for an older adult? | multiply weight (kg) by 0.8g/kg and 1.25g/kg to get a range |
| what nutrient needs change as people age? | calcium |
| What is a modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis? | modest weight loss for the obese |
| what is characterized by a decrease in total bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue? | osteoporosis |
| how can you combat osteoporosis? | weight bearing exercises |
| what is a nutritional intervention that is aimed at maintaining quality of life? | preventing unintentional weight loss and pressure ulcers |
| what can identify risks for nutritional deficiencies within a nursing home? | food intake records |
| How often should long tern care residents be weighed? | once a month |
| what supplements are most likely to be needed by older adults? | vitamin D, B12, and calcium |
| what ages does peak calcium intake occur? | between 4 and 20 years of age |
| what is the calculations for BMI? | weight (lbs)/ height(in)^2 x 705 |
| who is at a greater health risk, apples or pears? | apples - people who store excess fats in the abdomen region |
| what is modest weight loss, for the benefit of losing excess weight? | 5-10% of initial weight |
| how should obese clients change their activity patterns? | slowly, gradually increasing frequency, duration and intensity |
| what condition is self imposed fasting/ dieting? | anorexia nervosa |
| what condition is said to have binging and purging recurrently? | bulimia nervosa |
| Which condition has a lower mortality rate? | bulimia nervosa |
| what is one way to combat confusion associated with alzheimer's? | consistency with information |
Created by:
cspearsall
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