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medical terminology

medical terminology CH 1-3

Term	Definition
gastr/o	stomach
enter	small intestine
gastroenteritis	inflammation of the stomach
-itis	inflammation
my/o	muscle
myel/o	spinal cord
oste/o	bone
neur/o	nerve
arthr/o	joint
-plasty	surgical repair
-rrhaphy	surgical suturing
neuroplasty	surgical repair of nerve
neurorrhaphy	suturing together the ends of a severed nerve
tonsill	tonsils
-ectomy	surgical removal
tonsillitis	inflammation of tonsils
tonsillectomy	surgical removal of the tonsils
cyan/o	blue
cyanosis	blue discoloration of skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
-osis	abnormal condition or disease
erythr/o	red
erythrocyte	mature red blood cell
-cyte	cell
leuk/o	white
leukocyte	white blood cell
melan/o	black
melanosis	any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissue or organs
poli/o	gray
poliomyelitis	viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord
suffixes as noun endings	-a, -um, -y, -e, -us
suffixes meaning "pertaining to"	-ac, -al, -an, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ical, -ial, -ic, -ine, -ior, -ory, -ous, -tic
suffixes meaning "abnormal conditions"	-ago, -esis, -ia, -iasis, -ion, -ism, -osis
cardi	heart
gastrosis	any disease of the stomach
pathology	study of all aspects of diseases
path	disease
-ology	study of
-algia	pain and suffering
gastralgia	stomachache
-dynia	pain
gastrodynia	pain in the stomach
gastritis	inflammation of the stomach
-megaly	enlargement
hepatomegaly	abnormal enlargement of the liver
hepat/o	liver
-malacia	abnormal softening
arteriomalacia	abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries
arteri/o	artery
-sclerosis	abnormal hardening
-necrosis	tissue death
arterionecrosis	tissue death of the artery or arteries
arteriosclerosis	abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
-stenosis	abnormal narrowing
arteriostenosis	abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries
-centesis	surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid
abdominocentesis	surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid
abdomen/o	abdomen
-graphy	process of producing a picture or record
angiography	process of producing a radiographic study of blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make these blood vessels visible
angi/o	blood vessels
-gram	picture or record
angiogram	the resulting film that is produced by angiography
-scopy	visual examination
arthroscopy	visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
-rrhage	abnormal excessive fluid discharge
-rrhagia	bleeding or severe bleeding
hem/o	blood
hemorrhage	loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time
-rrhea	flow or discharge and refers to most body fluids
diarrhea	frequent flow of loose or water stools
dia-	through
myorrhaphy	surgical suturing of a muscle wound and includes the us of sutures, staple, or surgical glue
nat	pertaining to birth
prenatal	time and event before birth
perinatal	refers to time and events surrounding birth
peri-	surrounding
pre-	before
postnatal	refers to time an events after birth
post-	after
ab-	away from, negative, absent
dextr/o	right side
ex-	out of, outside, away from
macro-	large, abnormal size, or long
mega-, megal/o	large, great
ad-	toward to, in the direction of
sinister/o	left side
in-	in, into, not, without
micr/o, micro-	small
olig/o	scanty, few
ab-	away from
dys-	bad, difficult, or painful
hyper-	excessive or increased
hypertension	higher than normal blood presure
inter-	between or among
interstitial	between, but not within, the parts of a tissue
sub-	under, less, or below
subcostal	below a rib or ribs
addiction	being drawn toward or having a strong dependence on a drug or substance
eu-	good, normal, well or easy
eupnea	easy or normal breathing
hypo-	deficient or decreased
hypotension	lower than normal blood pressure
intra-	within or inside
intramuscular	within the muscle
super-, supra-	above or excessive
supracostal	above or outside the ribs
ot/o	ear
rhin/o	nose
laryng	larynx or throat
otorhinolaryngology	the study of the ear, nose and throat
lithotomy	surgical removal of a stone, or an examination position which patient is lying on back feet and legs raised
edema	swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues or cavities of the body
appendicitis	inflammation of the appendix
phalanges	plural form, for the bones of the fingers and toes
phalanx	singular form, for bones of the fingers and toes
end-	within
endarterial	pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery
ather/o	plaque or fatty substance
-oma	tumor
atheroma	fatty deposit within the wall of an artery
arthralgia	pain in joint
col	colon
-ostomy	surgical creation of an artificial opening
colostomy	the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
-otomy	cutting or a surgical incision
colotomy	surgical incision into the colon
sign	objective evidence of disease, such as fever
diagnosis	the identification of a disease
acute	condition has rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration
disease	a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally.
symptom	subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache
differential diagnosis	also known as rule out. is an attempt to determine which one of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present
remission	the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure
acronym	is a word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term
fissure	is a groove or crack-like sore of the skin
fistula	is an abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body
ileum	is the last and longest portion of the small intestine
ilium	is part of the hip bone
meningitis	inflammation of the meninges
mening	meninges
tendinitis	inflammation of a tendon
tendin	tendon
infection	is the invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism (disease-producing)
malaise	is a word of French origin referring to a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease
exudate	is a fluid, such a pus that leaks out of an infected wound
inflammation	is localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues
laceration	is a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut
lesion	is a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
mucous	describes the specialized membranes that line the body cavities
mucus	is the name of the fluid secreted by these mucous membranes
myc/o	fungus
mycosis	describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
myelopathy	describes any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord
myopathy	describes any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue
-ologist	specialist
dermat	skin
dermatologist	specialist that diagnoses and treats disorders of the skin
neonatology	study of disorders of the newborn
neo-	new
palpation	is an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts
palpitation	is a pounding or racing heart
pyel/o	renal pelvis
pyelitis	inflammation of the renal pelvis
py/o	pus
pyoderma	any acute inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
pyr/o	fever or fire
pyrosis	heartburn
supination	is the act of rotating the arm so that the hand is forward or upward
suppuration	is the formation or discharge of pus
triage	is the medical screening of patients to determine their priority of need and proper place of treatment
trauma	wound or injury
viral	pertaining to a virus
virile	having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male
anatomy	the study of the structures of the body
physiology	the study of the functions of the structures of the body
physi	nature or physical
anatomical position	describes the body standing: standing up straight, facing forward, arms at side, hands turned with palms face to the front
body planes	imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes
vertical plane	an up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon
sagittal plane	is a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
midsagittal plane (midline)	divides the body into equal left and right halves
frontal plane	a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
anterior	front
posterior	back
horizontal plane	is a flat, crosswise plane
transverse plane	a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions
inferior	lower
superior	upper
ventral	refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body
dorsal	refers to the back of the organ or body
cephalic	toward the head
cephal	head
caudal	toward the lower part of the body
caud	tail or lower part of the body
proximal	situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
distal	situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
medial	the direction toward or nearer the midline
lateral	the direction toward or nearer the side of the body, away from the midline
dorsal cavity	located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and divided into two portions: cranial cavity and spinal cavity
cranial cavity	located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain
spinal cavity	located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
ventral cavity	located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis
homeostasis	process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
home/o	constant
thoracic cavity (chest cavity or thorax)	surrounds and protects the heart and lungs
abdominal cavity	the space formed by hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
abdominopelvic cavity	refers to these two cavities as a single unit (abdomen and pelvic)
inguinal	relating to the groin, the entire lower area of the abdomen
right and left hypochondriac regions	covered by lower ribs
chondr/i	cartilage
epigastric region	located above the stomach
epi-	above
right and left lumbar regions	located near the inward curve of the spine
lumb	lower back
umbilical region	surrounds the umbilicus (belly button or navel)
right and left iliac regions	located near the hip bones
hypogastric region	located below the stomach
peritoneum	a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
membrane	thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space or organ
parietal peritoneum	is the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
mesentery	is a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
visceral peritoneum	is the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
visceral	relating to the internal organs
retroperitoneal	located behind the peritoneum
retro-	behind
peritonitis	inflammation of the peritoneum
cytology	study of the anatomy, physiology and chemistry of the cell
cyt	cell
cytologist	specialist in the study and analysis of cells
cell membrane	the tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from external environment
cytoplasm	the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
plasm	formative material of cells
nucleus	is surrounded by nuclear membrane, is a structure within the cell. controls the activities of the cell and helps the cell divide
stem cells	unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
adult stem cells	somatic stem cells. undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in tissues or organs (they maintain and repair tissue were they are found)
hemopoietic	blood forming
embryonic stem cells	undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell; they have an important ability to form any adult cell
embry/o	fertilized ovum
genetics	the study genes
gene	producing
genome	the complete set of genetic information of an organism
chromosome	a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell
somatic cell	any cell in the body except the gametes
gamete	sperm or egg
genetic mutation	a change of the sequence of DNA molecule
genetic disorder	(hereditary disorder) a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
cystic fibrosis	a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
down syndrome	a genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities
hemophilia	hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
Huntington's disease	a genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife. the damage eventually results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities
muscular dystrophy	genetic disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement.
phenylketonuria (PKU)	a rare genetic disorder which the essential digestive enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, is missing
tissue	group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
histology	microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
histologist	a non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues
hist	tissue
epithelial tissue	forms a protective covering for all the internal and external surfaces of the body
epithelium	specialized tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and surface layer of mucous membranes
endothelium	specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
connective tissues	support and connect organs and other body tissues
dense connective tissues	bone and cartilage, forms the joints, and framework of the body
adipose tissue	FAT, provides protective padding, insulation and support
adip	fat
lose connective tissue	surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cell and blood vessels
liquid connective tissue	blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
muscle tissue	contains cells with specialized ability to contract and relax
nerve tissue	contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
aplasia	the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue
hypoplasia	the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
-plasia	formation
anaplasia	a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
ana-	backward
dysplasia	the abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs
hyperplasia	the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of the abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
hypertrophy	a general increase in bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the sixe but not number, of cells in tissues
-trophy	development
gland	a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
secretion	the substance produced by a gland
exocrine glands	secrete chemical substance into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, like sweat glands
endocrine glands	produce hormones. directly into the bloodstream and then transported to organs and structure throughout the body
crine	secrete
aden	gland
adenoids	refer to a mass of gland-like lymphoid tissue at the back of the upper pharynx
adenitis	inflammation of a gland
adenocarcinoma	a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
carcin	cancerous
malignant	harmful, capable of spreading and potentially life threatening
adenoma	benign tumor that arises in and resembles glandular tissue
benign	not life threatening
adenomalcia	the abnormal softening of a gland
adenosis	any disease or condition of a gland
adenosclerosis	the abnormal hardening of a gland
adenectomy	the surgical removal of a gland
organ	somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function
pathology	the study of disease
pathologist	a physician who specializes in the laboratory analysis of disease tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis
etiology	the study of the causes of diseases
eti-	cause
transmission	the spread of disease
contamination	a pathogen is possibly present
communicable disease	contagious disease, any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
communicable	capable of being transmitted
indirect contact transmission	situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
bloodborne transmission	spread of disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with infected blood
droplet transmission	spread of disease such as measles, cold and flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing onto a nearby person or object
food-borne transmission	(fecal-oral transmission) is caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens present
vector-borne transmission	the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector
vector	describes insects or animals such as flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rats, and dogs that are capable of transmitting a disease
epidemiologist	specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
dem/i	population
endemic	the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
epidemic	a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
pandemic	to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
functional disorder	produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
iatrogenic illness	an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
idiopathic disorder	an illness without know cause
idi/o	peculiar to the individual
infectious disorder	an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria or viruses
nosocomial infection	a disease acquired in a hospital or clinic setting
organic disorder	produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body
congenital disorder	an abnormal condition that exist at the time of birth
congenital	existing at birth
developmental disorder	(birth defects), resulting in an anomaly or malformation such as absence of a limb or presence of an extra toe
anomaly	a deviation from what is regarded as normal
atresia	describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
prenatal influences	mother's health, her behavior and prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery
fetal alcohol syndrome	baby has physical or behavioral traits due to mother consuming alcohol during pregnancy
geriatrics or gerontology	study of medical problems and care of older people
general practitioner (GP)	provides ongoing care for patients of all ages
internist	physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of internal organs and related body systems
pediatrician	physician specializing in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of infant and children
geriatrician	physician who specializes in older people
nurse practitioner (NP)	nurse with graduate training who often works as a primary care provider
physician assistant (PA)	a licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician
medical receptionist	schedules and registers patients for appointments and also may work as a medical assistant
medical assistant	performs administration and clinical tasks
medical coder	reviews patients medical records and assigns medical codes for treatments and services
ossification	process which fragile membranes and cartilage start turning into bone
osteoclasts	break down old and damage bone
osteoblasts	help rebuild the bone
periosteum	fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
oste	bone
compact bone (cortical bone)	dense, hard and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bone
spongy bone (cancellous bone)	porous, which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone. location of red bone marrow,
medullary cavity	the central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone. where red and yellow bone marrow is stored
medullary	pertaining to the inner section
endosteum	tissue that lines the medullary cavity
red bone marrow	located in spongy bone. is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
hemopoietic	formation of blood cells
yellow bone marrow	functions as fat storage area. located in the medullary cavity of long bones
cartilage	smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones
articular cartilage	covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate to form joints. this type of cartilage allows for smooth movement and protects bones from rubbing against each other
meniscus	is the curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and temporomandibular joint of the jaw
diaphysis	the shaft of a long bone
epiphyses	are wider ends of the long bone
foramen	an opening in a bone through blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
process	normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for muscle or tendon
fibrous joints	inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold bones tightly together
joints	are the place of union between two or more bones. classified according to their construction or based on the degree of movement they allow
fontanelles (soft spot)	present on the skull of new borns
cartilaginous joints	allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage. ex: pubic symphysis
synovial joint	created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions. ex: ball and socket, hinge joints
ligaments	bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining bone to cartilage. ex: knee
bursa	a fibrous ac that acts as cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction. ex: shoulder, elbow, knee
axial skeleton	protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems. consists of 80 bones.
appendicular skeleton	makes body movements possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction. consist of 126 bones
ankylosis	loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure
ankl	crooked or bent or stiff
adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)	painful anklyosis of the shoulder
capsule	little box
arthrosclerosis	stiffness of the joints
baker's cyst (popliteal cyst)	fluid fill sac behind knee
bursitis	inflammation of a bursa
burs	bursa
chondromalacia	abnormal softening of cartilage
chondr/o	cartilage
costochondritis	inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
hallux valgus (bunion)	abnormalenlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
hallux	big toe
valgus	bent
hemarthrosis	blood within a joint
polymyalgia rheumatica	inflammation disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs
poly-	many
sprain	occurs when a ligament that connects bones to joints is wrenched or torn
synovitis	inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint
synov	synovial membrane
dislocation (luxation)	the total displacement of a bone from its joint
subluxation	the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
arthritis	inflammation condition of one or more joints
osteoarthritis (wear and tear arthritis)	commonly associated with aging. degenerative joint disease. wearing away of the articular cartilage within joints
degenerative	breaking down or impairment of a body part
osteophytes	bone spurs
spondylosis (spinal arthritis)	degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
spondyl	vertebrae
gout (gouty arthritis)	arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)	chronic autoimmune disorder in which joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
ankylosing spondylitis	a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
ankylosing	progressive stiffing of a joint or joints
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis	autoimmune disorder affecting children 16 years or younger
herniated disk (slipped or ruptured disk)	the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on the spinal nerve roots
lumbago	pain in lumbar region of the spine
lumb	lumbar
-ago	diseased condition
spondylolisthesis	forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebrae or sacrum
-listhesis	slipping
spina bifida	congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
bifida	split
kyphosis	abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as view from the side (humpback, dowager's hump)
kyph	hump
lordosis	abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
lord	bent backward
scoliosis	abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
scoli	curved
avascular necrosis	area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
vascul	blood vessels
necrosis	tissue death
craniostenosis	malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures
crani/o	skull
-stenosis	abnormal narrowing
osteitis	inflammation of a bone
osteomalacia (adult rickets)	abnormal softening of bones in adults
osteomyelitis	an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
paget's disease	chronic bone disease of unknown cause named for Sir James Paget. abnormal breakdown of bone, usually in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs
periostitis	inflammation of the periosteum
Rickets	deficiency disease occurring in children. defective bone growth resulting from lack of vitamin D
short statue (dwarfism)	condition resulting from failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length
talipes (clubfoot)	congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bone)
primary bone cancer	rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone
secondary bone cancer	tumors that have metastasized to bones from another organ
myeloma	a type of cancer that occurs in blood making cells found in red bone marrow
osteochondroma	a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
osteoporosis	marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging
osteopenia	thinner-than-average bone density
-penia	deficiency
compression fracture (vertebral crush fracture)	occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself
Colles' fracture (fractured wrist)	fracture occurs at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on hands
osteoporotic hip fracture (broken hip)	caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis, can be spontaneously or a result from fall
osteoporotic	pertaining to or caused by the porous condition of bones
fracture	broken bone
closed fracture (simple fracture or complete fracture)	bone is broken, but no open wound in the skin
open fracture (compound fracture)	bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
comminuted fracture	bone is splintered or crushed
greenstick fracture (incomplete fracture)	bone is bent and only partially broken
oblique fracture	occurs at an angle across the bone
pathologic fracture	weakened bone breaks under normal strain
spiral fracture	fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
stress fracture	is an overuse injury, is a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic excessive impact
transverse fracture	fracture occurs straight across the bone
fat embolus	form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow marrow are released into the blood
crepitation (crepitus)	the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
callus	forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break, also means thickening of the skin caused by repeated rubbing
radiograph (x-ray)	x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities
arthroscopy	visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
bone marrow biopsy	diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test
bone marrow aspiration	the use of a syringe to withdraw tissue from the red bone marrow
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	used to image soft tissue structures
allogenic	originating within another
autologous	originating within an individual
orthotic	mechanical appliance
prosthesis	substitute for a diseased or missing body part
arthrodesis (surgical ankyloses)	surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint
arthrolysis	surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
lysis	loosening or setting free
arthroscopic surgery	a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of interior of a joint
chondroplasty	surgical repair of damaged cartilage
synovectomy	surgical removal of a synovial membrane
arthroplasty	surgical repair of a damaged joint
percutaneous diskectomy	performed to treat herniated disk
percutaneous	performed through the skin
percutaneous vertebroplasty	performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures
laminectomy	the surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra
spinal fusion	technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrae
fusion	join together
craniectomy	surgical removal of a portion of the skull
craniotomy	surgical incision or opening into the skull
cranioplasty	surgical repair of the skull
osteoclasis	surgical fracture of bone to correct a deformity
ostectomy	surgical removal of bone
osteorrhaphy	surgical suturing or wiring together of bones
osteotomy	the surgical cutting of a bone
periosteotomy	an incision through the periosteum to the bone
closed reduction (manipulation)	the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation
immobilization (stabilization)	act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast
traction	a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment
external fixation	a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing
internal fixation (open reduction internal fixation (ORIF))	a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

Created by: dgraves

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