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Spine

RAD 221 Procedures

QuestionAnswer
Abnormal lateral curvature Scoliosis
The vertebral body and the arch form a circular opening called the Vertebral foramen
The first primary curve Thoracic
Between each vertebral body Intervertebral disc
Function of the spine Protects the spinal cord, supports the skull and trunk of the body, transmits weight of trunk through hips to lower limbs
Technique to best demonstrate a lateral thoracic spine Breathing technique, low mA, 3-4 sec exposure, 65-70 kV
Distinguishing feature of Thoracic vertebra Facets for articulation with the ribs
Another name for C-1. C-2. Atlas, Axis
Distinguishing feature of C-2 Dens
Extend laterally between the pedicles and the lamina Transverse processes
Formed by the stacked superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae Zygapophyseal joints
Formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notches Intervertebral foramina
The superior facets of C-1 articulate with the skull at the: Atlantooccipital joint
Specific to cervical vertebra Transverse foramina, bifid tips
Aligned to best demonstrate the C-1, C-2 joint space Bottom of top incisors and mastoid tips
What passes through the cervical transverse foramina Vertebral artery, veins, and nerves
Best demonstrated on a 45 degree anterior oblique c-spine Downside intervertebral foramina
Name for an upright Swimmers projection Twining
Cervical images routinely done at 72" Lateral and obliques
Performed if the odontoid tip is not visualized on the Open mouth projection Reverse Waters-Fuchs method
Protocol if trauma to the C-spine has occured Take a lateral C-spine without moving the patient, clear the image with a physician prior to removing the collar, and/or moving the patient
Purpose of flexion and extension lateral C-spine views To demonstrate range of motion
View that best demonstrates the C-1, C-2 Zygapophyseal joint Open Mouth Odontoid
Fx of a vertebral body with comminuted fragments into the spinal canal Teardrop burst fx
Comminuted fx caused by abrupt landing on the head or feet causing the anterior and posterior arches of C-1 to splinter Jefferson's fx
A vertebral body will appear to have jumped over the one below it Bilateral subluxation
Demonstrated on a lateral C-spine Zygapophyseal joints, all 7 cervical vertebra
C-spine projections done at erect (non-trauma) at 72" Lat and obliques
Portion of the rib that articulates with the transverse process of the Thoracic vertebrae Tubercle
Largest thoracic vertebra T-12
Another name for the Thoracic spine Dorsal spine
The CR for the AP T-spine is directed to 3-4" below the jugular notch and the the MSP
Two methods to even out the density of the thoracic vertebra on the AP Utilize anode heel by putting the thicker part under the cathode, and exposing on expiration
Best demonstrated on a lateral T-spine Intervertebral Foramina
To reduce scatter on a latter T-spine we should Place a lead shield behind the patient, collimate
What technique/breathing instructions are ideal for a lateral T-spine Shallow breathing, long exposure time, low mA, low kV
What may be required to demonstrate the upper thoracic vertebrae in the lateral position Swimmers
Loss of bone mass Osteoporosis
Exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine Scoliosis
Radiologic examination of the CNS structures situated within the vertebral canal Myelography
Level of the spine the myelogram injection is made L-2, L-3 or L-3, L-4. Below the level of the spinal cord proper
A myelogram may be performed to demonstrate: Compression caused by a herniated disk, bone fragments, tumors, or cord swelling from traumatic injury
Area the spinal needle is introduced to inject the contrast material during a myelogram Subarachnoid space
Contraindications to non-ionic contrast include: Previous reaction, renal failure, pregnancy.
Position of the head/neck during the myelogram Hyperextended so contrast does not enter the brain
Room prep for myelogram Clean equipment, Lock image intensifier, remove lead drape, attach footboard and shoulder support, prepare tray
Post myelogram overhead images C-spine; PA, Swimmers. XTL L-Spine: PA, XTL
Demonstrates the Intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine Lateral
The eye of the "Scotty Dog" corresponds to the: Pedicle
The neck or collar of the "Scotty Dog" corresponds to the: Pars Interarticularis
The ear of the "Scotty Dog" corresponds to the: Superior articular process
An RPO lumbar spine best demonstrates: The right zygaphophyseal joints
The angle for an AP sacrum is: AP SI Joints? 15 cephalad, 30-35 cephalad
The sacrum in the infant has _____ segments 5
The apex of the sacrum and coccyx, is superior or inferior The apex is at the inferior
Inflammatory arthritis that causes spine to become rigid and intervertebral joints to fuse Ankylosing spondylitis
Forward movement of one vertebral over the one below it due to a defect in the pars interarticularis Spondylolisthesis
To screen for scoliosis the patient position should be PA, barefoot, with weight evenly distributed, shielded
The degree of obliquity and CR location for an LPO of the SI joints 25-30 degree oblique, 1" medial to the right SI joint
True or False: Joint pain and bone weakness are symptoms of osteoporosis False, osteoporosis is asymptomatic
The DXA or DEXA routinely scans which two areas of the body L-spine and both hips
Age DEXA screening is generally recommended to begin 65
Purpose of bending knees for spine imaging To reduce the normal lumbar lordosis and put the spine in contact with the IR
Score compares patients bone density with an average person of the same sex and age Z score
Number that indicates normal bone density T score greater than -1
Number that indicates osteoporois T score below -2.5
Created by: EHodgis
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