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DevelPsych Chapter 1

Psych Week1

QuestionAnswer
Ageism a form of discrimination against older adults based on their age
Life-span perspective divides human development into two phases: early phase (child/adolescence) + later phase (adult and old age)
Multidirectionality development involves both growth and decline; as people grow in one area, they may lose in another and at different rates
Plasticity One's capacity is not predetermined or set in concrete, many skills can be learned or improved with practice even late in life
Historical context Each of us develops within a particular set of circumstances determined by the historical time in which we are born and the culture in which we grew up.
Multiple causation How we develop results from a wide variety of forces
Biological forces all genetic and health related factors that affect development
Psychological forces all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality factors that affect development
Sociocultural forces interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors that affect development
Life-cycle forces differences in how the same event or combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces affects people at different points in their lives.
Normative age-graded influences experiences caused by biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces that are highly correlated with chronological age.
Normative history-graded influences events that most people in a specific culture experience at the same time
Non-normative influences random or rare events that may be important for a specific individual but are not experienced by most people
Primary aging disease-free development during adulthood
Secondary aging developmental changes that are related to disease, lifestyle, and other environmentally induced changes that are not inevitable
Tertiary aging the rapid losses that occur shortly before death
Reliability the extent to which a measure provides a consistent index of the behaviour or topic of interest
Validity extent to which a measure measures what it's what researcher's think it measures
Systematic observation watching people and carefully recording what they say and do
Self reports people's answers to questions about the topics of interest
Experiment manipulating a key factor that the researcher believes is responsible for a particular behaviour and randomly assigning participants to the control and experimental groups
Independent variable variables manipulated by the experimenter
Dependent variable behaviour or outcome that is measured
Correlational study researcher measures two variable, then sees how they are related
Case study study of a single individual in great detail
Age effects differences caused by experiences and circumstances unique to the generation which one belongs
Time-of-measurement effects differences stemming from sociocultural, environmental, historical or other events at the time the data was obtained from the participants
Confounding a situation in which one cannot determine which of two or more effects is responsible for the behviours being observed.
Cross-sectional study developmental differences ae identified by testing people of different ages at the same time.
Longitudinal study same individuals are observed or tested repeatedly at different points in their lives
Sequential design different combinations of cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.
Apocalyptic demography the idea that an aging population will create inevitable social chaos
Created by: iamjjjayme
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