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russian study stack
russian vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Abdicate | To give up one's office, throne, etc |
Black Market | An illegal traffic or trade in officially controlled or scarce commodities. |
Chernozem | A fertile black soil rich in humus, with a lighter lime-rich layer beneath. Such soils typically occur in temperate grasslands such as the Russian steppes and North American prairies. |
Command Economy | An economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government. |
Czar | Another name for a Russian Emperor |
Glasnost | (in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985. |
Loam | A fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus. |
Permafrost | A thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions. |
Regolith | The layer of unconsolidated rocky material covering bedrock. |
Ruble | Russian Economy |
Soviet | A citizen of the former Soviet Union. |
Steppe | A large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia. |
Taiga | The sometimes swampy coniferous forest of high northern latitudes, especially that between the tundra and steppes of Siberia and North America. |
Tundra | A vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen. |
Perestroika | (in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased |
Perestroika (continued) | automation and labor efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning. |