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Chapter 26
Oxygen Needs and Respiratory Therapies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oxygen needs are affected by the respiratory system. Structures must be _________ and function properly. | Intact |
| Oxygen needs are affected by the respiratory system. An open (patent) ____________ is needed. | Airway |
| Oxygen needs are affected by the respiratory system. _____________ (air sacs) must exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. | Alveoli |
| Oxygen needs are affected by the circulatory system. Blood must flow to and from the __________. | Heart |
| Oxygen needs are affected by the circulatory system. Narrowed ___________ affect blood flow. | Vessels |
| Oxygen needs are affected by the circulatory system. Red blood cells (RBCs) contain __________________. | Hemoglobin |
| Oxygen needs are affected by the circulatory system. Hemoglobin picks up _____________ in the lungs and carries it to the cells. | Oxygen |
| Oxygen needs are affected by the nervous system. _____________ damage affects respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth. | Brain |
| Oxygen needs are affected by aging. Respiratory muscles ____________. | Weaken |
| Oxygen needs are affected by aging. Lung tissue is less __________. | Elastic |
| Oxygen needs are affected by aging. Strength for ____________ decreases. | Coughing |
| Oxygen needs are affected by exercise. Oxygen needs _____________ with exercise. | Increase |
| Oxygen needs _____________ when a person has a fever. | Increase |
| Oxygen needs ________________ when a person is in pain. | Increase |
| What means slow, weak respiration at a rate of fewer than 12 per minute? | Respiratory depression |
| What is it called when breathing stops? | Respiratory arrest |
| Oxygen needs are affected by medications. Medications can depresses the respiratory system making breathing too shallow to bring _____________ into the lungs. | Oxygen |
| Oxygen needs are affected by medications. ________________ medications can cause respiratory arrest. | Narcotic |
| Substance abusers are at risk for respiratory depression and respiratory arrest due to medication __________-__________. | Over-doses |
| What is a sensitivity to a substance that causes the body to react with signs and symptoms including runny nose, wheezing, and congestion? | Allergy |
| What is a harmful chemical or substance in the air or water? | Pollutant |
| The body needs ____________ and vitamins B12, C, and folate to produce RBCs. | Iron |
| Oxygen and ____________ ____________ are exchange in the alveoli. | Carbon dioxide |
| What is it called when the cells do not have enough oxygen? | Hypoxia |
| Anything affecting ______________ function can cause hypoxia. | Respiratory |
| What is an early sign of hypoxia? | Restlessness |
| Other signs and symptoms of hypoxia include _____________ and disorientation. | Dizziness |
| Hypoxia is life-threatening because all organs need ____________ to function. | Oxygen |
| What is a bluish color to the skin, lips, mucous membranes, and nail beds? | Cyanosis |
| What is rapid breathing at a rate greater than 20 per minute? | Tachypnea |
| Fever, exercise, pain, pregnancy, airway obstruction, and hypoxemia are common causes of __________. | Tachypnea |
| What is a reduced amount of oxygen in the blood. | Hypoxemia |
| What is slow breathing at a rate of fewer than 12 per minute? | Bradypnea |
| What is the lack or absence of breathing that occurs in sudden cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest? | Apnea |
| What is it called when respirations are slow, shallow, and sometimes irregular? | Hypoventilation |
| What is it called when respirations are rapid and deeper than normal? | Hyperventilation |
| What is difficult, labored, or painful breathing called? | Dyspnea |
| What are respirations that gradually increase in rate and depth and then become shallow and slow? | Cheyne-Stokes |
| With Cheyne-Stokes respirations breathing may __________ for 10-20 seconds. | Stop |
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations are common when ___________ is near. | Death |
| What is breathing deeply and comfortably only when sitting? | Orthopnea |
| What are rapid and deep respirations followed by 10-30 seconds of apnea? | Biot's respirations |
| What are very deep and rapid respirations that signal a diabetic coma? | Kussmaul respirations |
| What is mucous from the respiratory system called? | Sputum |
| Sputum and be clear, white, yellow, green, brown, or red depending on the ________________. | Cause |
| The ______________ of sputum could be thick, watery, or frothy (with bubbles or foam) | Consistency |
| What is the term for bloody sputum? | Hemoptysis |
| When performing a lung scan, the person inhales a ______________ gas. | Radioactive |
| When performing a lung scan, a radioisotope is injected into a ______________. | Vein |
| When performing a lung scan, the lung tissues that are getting air and blood flow _______________ up under that scan. | Light |
| What is the procedure called in which the pleura is punctured and air or fluid is removed? | Thoracentesis |
| A thoracentesis involves a doctor inserting a _____________ through the chest wall into the pleural sac. | Needle |
| A ________________ function test measures the amount of air moving into and out of the lungs. | Pulmonary |
| What is the amount (percentage) of hemoglobin containing oxygen? | Oxygen concentration |
| The normal range for oxygen ________________ is 95%-100%. | Concentration |
| The oxygen (O2) concentration sensor attaches to a ___________, toe, earlobe, nose, or forehead. | Finger |
| What measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood? | Pulse oximetry |
| The pulse oximeter shows the oxygen concentration and the ____________ rate. | Pulse |
| The alarm on the pulse oximeter sounds if the oxygen concentration is too ____________. | Low |
| The alarm on the pulse oximeter sounds if the _______________ is too fast or too slow. | Pulse |
| Pulse oximetry is affected by bright light, nail __________, fake nails, and movement. | Polish |
| Blood pressure cuffs affect blood flow so you do not take BP on the ___________ side that the finger site is used for pulse oximetry measurement. | Same |
| The person's apical or radial pulse should ____________ the pulse rate displayed on the pulse oximetry meter. | Equal |
| Respiratory disorders cause the lungs, bronchi, and trachea to secrete ______________. | Mucus |
| Pain, immobility, and narcotic medications interfere with deep breathing and coughing causing ______________ to collect in the airway and lungs. | Secretions |
| When secretions collect in the airway and lungs it interferes with __________ movement and lung function. | Air |
| Secretions provide a place for __________ to grow and multiply making infection a risk. | Microbes |
| Person that have difficulty breathing often prefer to sit up and lean over a table to breathe this position is called _____________ position. | Orthopenic |
| When a person is sitting in orthopenic position you can place a _________ on the table to increase the person's comfort. | Pillow |
| If a person lies on one side for a long time it can cause secretions to pool because lungs cannot _____________ on that side. | Expand |
| Position changes are needed at least every __________ hours. | Two |
| What moves air into most parts of the lungs? | Deep breathing |
| What helps to remove mucus? | Coughing |
| Deep-breathing and coughing exercises promote ______________. | Oxygenation |
| Deep-breathing and coughing exercises are done after surgery or injury and during ______________. | Bedrest |
| What is the collapse of a portion of the lung? | Atelectasis |
| Atelectasis occurs when ____________ collects in the airway. | Mucus |
| Deep breathing and coughing are usually done every __________ hours while the person is awake. | Two |
| When asked to assist with deep-breathing and coughing exercises you need to know how many __________ the person needs to repeat the exercises. | Times |
| When the person is doing deep-breathing and coughing exercises they need to inhale through the ________________. | Nose |
| When the person is doing deep-breathing and coughing exercises they need to exhale slowly through ____________ lips. | Pursed |
| When the person is doing deep-breathing and coughing exercises they need to place both hands or a ______________ over abdominal incisions. | Pillow |
| When the person is doing deep-breathing and coughing exercises they need to cough strongly ________ times with the mouth open. | Two |
| Incentive ______________ measures the amount of air inhaled. | Spirometry |
| Incentive spirometry is also called sustained maximal ________________. | Inspiration |
| With incentive spirometry a person is enouraged to inhale until reaching a pre-set volume of air and then holding the breath for at least _________ seconds. | Three |
| The goal of incentive spirometry is to improve lung _____________ and prevent or treat atelectasis. | Function |
| The breaths inhaled for incentive spirometry is like _____________ or sighing to move air deep into the lungs. | Yawning |
| Oxygen is a __________________. The doctor orders the amount of oxygen to give, the device to use, and when to give it. | Medication |
| Nursing assistants ______ __________ give oxygen. | Do not |
| The nurse and _____________ therapist start and maintain oxygen therapy. | Respiratory |
| Oxygen ____________ are used by person who walk or use wheelchairs. | Tanks |
| An oxygen ______________ removes oxygen from the air for the person to use. | Concentrator |
| Liquid oxygen is very cold. If touched, it can ______________ the skin. | Freeze |
| What type of oxygen device is inserted into the nostrils and allows for eating and drinking? | Nasal cannula |
| The ___________ rate is the amount of oxygen given. | Flow |
| The ____________ or respiratory therapist sets the flow rate based on the doctor's order. | Nurse |
| When giving care, always check the __________ __________ and tell the nurse if it is too high or too low. | Flow rate |
| If oxygen is not humidified (made moist) it can _________ the airway's mucous membranes. | Dry |
| Nursing assistants never ___________ the flow rate. | Adjust |
| When caring for a person receiving oxygen always make sure the humidifier is _____________ and that it has enough water. | Bubbling |
| Safety rules for oxygen therapy include checking for signs of _____________ from the device. | Irritation |
| When someone is receiving oxygen you must check for signs of irritation and skin breakdown behind the ____________, under the nose, around the face, and on the cheekbones. | Ears |
| Safety rules for oxygen therapy include making sure there are no kinks in the _____________. | Tubing |
| Safety rules for oxygen therapy include making sure the person does not ________ on any part of the tubing. | Lay |
| Artificial airways keep the airway ___________ (open and unblocked) | Patent |
| What is the term for inserting an artificial airway? | Intubation |
| What is a tube inserted through a surgically created opening into the trachea? | Tracheostomy |
| Who performs tracheostomies? | Doctors |
| Frequent _________ hygiene is needed for person with tracheostomies. | Oral |
| What is a tube inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea? | Endotracheal |
| Person with endotracheal tubes cannot ______________. | Speak |
| Gagging and ____________ feelings are common in persons with endotracheal tubes. | Choking |
| The outer ______________ of a tracheostomy tube is secured in place with ties around the neck or a Velcro collar. | Cannula |
| The outer cannula must not come __________ (extubation), if it does you should call the nurse immediately. | Out |
| When persons have a tracheostomy nothing must _____________ the stoma. | Enter |
| When persons have a tracheostomy and a foreign object enters the stoma or tube the person can ________________. | Aspirate |
| When persons have a tracheostomy the stoma must be ______________ when the person goes outside. | Covered |
| Never cover the stoma with ________________, leather, or similar materials that are not breathable. | Plastic |
| When persons have a tracheostomy you should cover the stoma with a _____________, shirt or blouse that buttons at the collar, or a stoma cover. | Scarf |
| When persons have a tracheostomy ___________ baths should be taken. | Tub |
| When persons have a tracheostomy and they take a shower, a shower _____________ must be worn. | Guard |
| When persons have a tracheostomy you should use a hand-held __________ to direct the water away from the stoma. | Nozzle |
| When applying clean ties or Velcro collar on an adult, a ___________ should be able to slide under the ties or collar. | Finger |
| What is the process of withdrawing or sucking up fluid or secretions? | Suctioning |
| Some person cannot ______________ or they have a weak cough and cannot remove secretion so they need suctioning. | Cough |
| If not done ___________ suctioning can cause serious harm. | Correctly |
| You can _____________ the nurse with suctioning but you do not perform the suctioning procedure. | Assist |
| Mucus may contain microbes or ____________, so you need to follow Standard Precautions and the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard. | Blood |
| What is it called when you use a machine to move air into and out of the lungs? | Mechanical ventilation |
| With mechanical ________________ a endotracheal or tracheostomy tube is needed. | Ventilation |
| An alarm sounds when the person is _________________ from the ventilator. | Disconnected |
| If an alarm sounds and the person is disconnected from the ventilator first ______________ the tubing and then tell the nurse. | Reconnect |
| Safety measures to follow when assisting with suctioning include suctioning as _________________, not on a schedule. | Needed |
| A suction cycle for an adult lasts no more than 10 to _________ seconds. | 15 |
| A suction cycle involves first inserting the ______________. | Catheter |
| A suction cycle involves ________________ for no more than 10-15 seconds. | Suctioning |
| A suction cycle involves ______________ the catheter after the suctioning. | Removing |
| Care of person on mechanical ventilation includes answering _________ _____________ promptly. | Call lights |
| Care of person on mechanical ventilation includes ____________ who you are and what you are doing whenever you enter the room. | Explain |
| Care of person on mechanical ventilation includes following the care plan for _______________. | Communication |
| Care of person on mechanical ventilation includes telling the person when you are _______________ the room and when you will return. | Leaving |
| What is air in the pleural space called? | Pneumothorax |
| What is blood in the pleural space called? | Hemothorax |
| What is the escape and collection of fluid in the pleural space called? | Pleural effusion |
| Chest tubes are attached to a ______________ system. | Drainage |
| Care of persons with chest tubes includes keeping the connecting tubing _____________ on the bed. | Coiled |
| Care of persons with chest tubes includes ____________ chest drainage and reporting any increases or changes of appearance at once. | Observing |
| Care of persons with chest tubes includes ______________ and positioning the person as directed. | Turning |
| Care of persons with chest tubes includes immediately calling for help if the chest tube comes ______________. | Out |
| If the chest tube comes out you should cover the site with sterile petrolatum ______________. | Gauze |
Created by:
na3
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